O\u011fuz Gelenekleri \/ Yaylalarda \u00c7ad\u0131r \/ Sinan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Giresun K\u00fclt\u00fcr M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc memurlar\u0131ndan Mustafa K\u0131ran, T\u00fcrk Halk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden Derlemeler adl\u0131 dergide yay\u0131nlanan \u201cGiresun\u2019da Yayla ve Yaylac\u0131l\u0131k\u201d adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda (1992, Ankara, s. 111-128) \u00fc\u00e7 tip yayla konutundan s\u00f6z ediyor. Bunlar f\u0131nd\u0131k dallar\u0131ndan \u00e7at\u0131lan \u00e7ad\u0131r tipi tuyluk ve sayfan ile \u00e7imden kesilen bloklarla in\u015fa edilen k\u00f6m tipi yap\u0131lard\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131lardan \u00e7ad\u0131r tipli olanlar\u0131n \u00e7atk\u0131lar\u0131 ile bir kul\u00fcbeye benzeyen k\u00f6mlerin \u00e7at\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, hartama denilen \u00e7am a\u011fac\u0131 levhalar\u0131n yan\u0131nda ke\u00e7e ile de \u00f6rt\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc biliniyor. Orta Asya, \u0130ran ve Anadolu g\u00f6\u00e7erleri aras\u0131nda ke\u00e7e \u00e7ad\u0131r kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n olmas\u0131, konuyu b\u00f6lge tarihinin irdelenmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dikkat \u00e7ekici hale getirmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tarihsel veriler g\u00f6\u00e7er ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkmen gruplar\u0131n 11. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Do\u011fu Karadeniz yaylalar\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Eynesil\u2019in g\u00fcneyindeki O\u011fuz b\u00f6lgesinin ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle ilgili kulaktan kula\u011fa gelen s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih verileri, burada ya\u015fayan halk\u0131n, daha arkadaki Kad\u0131rga yaylas\u0131ndan indikleri \u00fczerinde durmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde halen izleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan yar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7er ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi, O\u011fuz b\u00f6lgesiyle Kad\u0131rga yaylas\u0131 aras\u0131nda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu durumda ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00e7ad\u0131rlarla b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fam s\u00fcren bir g\u00f6\u00e7er k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekmek gerekmektedir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bu nedenle, de\u011ferli etnolog P. A. Andrews\u2019in \u201cNomad Tent Types in the Middle East=Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da G\u00f6\u00e7er \u00c7ad\u0131r\u0131 Tipleri\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndan (Wiesbaden 1997) 184-186 sayfalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisini sunuyorum. Sinan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 (22.10.2007)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peter Aford Andrews, Nomad Tent Types in the Middle East (Wiesbaden 1997). s. 184.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kubbeli ve Kafessiz Kaburgal\u0131 \u00c7ad\u0131r (T\u00fcrkiye Pontos B\u00f6lgesi, T\u00fcrkmen):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yay\u0131l\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu t\u00fcr \u00e7ad\u0131rlar zaman\u0131nda Ordu ve Giresun\u2019un arkas\u0131nda kalan K\u00fcrt\u00fcn, Kad\u0131rga, Gavur Da\u011f\u0131 ve Sultan Murat yaylalar\u0131nda, Tirebolu ile Har\u015fit aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131y\u0131ya yak\u0131n vadilerden gelen k\u00f6yl\u00fcler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. K\u00fcrt\u00fcn \u2013 Kaz\u0131kbeli aras\u0131ndaki 1000 \u2013 2500 m y\u00fckseklikleri aras\u0131nda yer alan Kaz\u0131kbeli Obas\u0131\u2019nda da g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalan bu tip \u00e7ad\u0131rlar sadece Torul\u2019un yak\u0131n\u0131nda Kad\u0131rga yaylas\u0131nda baz\u0131 yerlerde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Konuyla ilgili veriler bu t\u00fcr \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131 kullanan \u00c7epni T\u00fcrkmenlerinden toplanmaktad\u0131r. Da\u011flar\u0131n G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane taraf\u0131nda yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda bu t\u00fcr \u00e7ad\u0131rlar kullan\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Y\u0131lmaz (1974) bu tip \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131n G\u00fcrcistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na kadar uzanan b\u00f6lgede kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir. Arhavi\u2019nin do\u011fusunda ve Hopa ile Kemalpa\u015fa aras\u0131ndaki Limank\u00f6y\u2019de ya\u015fayan \u00e7obanlar, ne bu t\u00fcr \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131 ve ne de t\u00fcnel tipli \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131 bilmemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Adland\u0131rma:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Torul b\u00f6lgesinde Turluk (turluk = duvar ke\u00e7esi) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, sadece ke\u00e7e \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131n kaplamas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Tuyluk s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise Nef\u00e7ik\u00f6sele, G\u00f6rele, Giresun ve K\u0131z\u0131lbeli Obas\u0131\u2019ndan derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tarih\u00e7e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7ad\u0131r\u0131 kullananlar bu \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131n Azerbaycan\u2019dan geldi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemektedirler. En az\u0131ndan \u00e7ad\u0131r tipi oradan gelmi\u015f olabilir. Ke\u00e7elerin al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k derecede koyu renkli olmas\u0131 \u015eahseven T\u00fcrkmenleri ile ili\u015fkiyi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar bu tip \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131 koyu renkli ke\u00e7elerle kuruyor ve Anadolu ile Azerbaycan aras\u0131nda kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6zellikler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu tip \u00e7ad\u0131rlarla ilgili \u00e7ok az veri oldu\u011fundan ancak belli belirsiz tan\u0131mlanabilmektedir. \u00c7ad\u0131r\u0131n kubbeli, ke\u00e7e ile kapl\u0131, yuvarlaks\u0131 planl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kesinlik ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek bir kaburgal\u0131 \u00e7ad\u0131r olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin olmasa da, merkezi payandal\u0131, kavisli destekleri ve tavandaki \u00e2lem ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 dik a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 olan bir \u00e7ad\u0131r t\u00fcr\u00fc olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bilgi verenler yuvarlak planl\u0131 oldu\u011funu, t\u00fcnel bi\u00e7imli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u201csanki cami kubbesi gibi\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015fleridir. \u00d6zellikle koyu renkli ke\u00e7e kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. s. 185<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130li\u015fkiler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u00f6re halk\u0131na g\u00f6re bu tip \u00e7ad\u0131r Azerbaycan ke\u00e7e \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilidir. Bu bilgi \u00fczerine Karaba\u011f ve Kazak b\u00f6lgelerindeki \u00e7ad\u0131r \u00e7e\u015fitleri incelenmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7ad\u0131rlardaki ke\u00e7enin \u00f6zellikle koyu renge boyanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, koyu rengin hava \u015fartlar\u0131ndan ve isten kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Giri\u015fteki dekoratif diki\u015fler Azeri ili\u015fkisini do\u011frulamaktaysa da, dal \u00e7atk\u0131 \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyada yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Arhavi\u2019de Hem\u015finli \u00e7obanlar\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir s\u0131rtl\u0131 \u00e7ad\u0131r kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu \u00e7ad\u0131ra ait bir foto\u011frafta dik a\u00e7\u0131yla kesi\u015fen s\u0131rtlar\u0131 olan t\u00fcnel tipli bir \u00e7ad\u0131r a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Bu olas\u0131l\u0131kla Torul\u2019da s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen \u00e7ad\u0131rla ayn\u0131 tiptedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kurulum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Uzun f\u0131nd\u0131k dallar\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r ve yere saplanacak u\u00e7lar\u0131 sivriltilir. Dallar yere dikilir ve e\u011filerek \u00fcstten birbirine ba\u011flan\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Azeri \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00e7atk\u0131da kiri\u015fe gerek kalmamaktad\u0131r. Tavan k\u0131sm\u0131 d\u00fcz kalmaktad\u0131r. Yerden yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 m y\u00fckseklikte olan al\u00e7ak kap\u0131, \u201cbir f\u0131r\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131 gibi\u201d \u00e7ad\u0131r duvar\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 m y\u00fckseklikte yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ad\u0131r\u0131n i\u00e7in 3-4 ki\u015finin uyumas\u0131na yetecek geni\u015flikte ve ortas\u0131 bir adam boyu y\u00fcksekliktedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ke\u00e7e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ke\u00e7e kaplama yer kilimi boyutunda par\u00e7alardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Beyaz ya da kahverengi y\u00fcn siyaha boyanmaktad\u0131r. Renk farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Kap\u0131dan ba\u015fka duman \u00e7\u0131kacak bir baca yoktur. Kap\u0131 kenarlar\u0131 diki\u015flerle s\u00fcslenmi\u015ftir. Y\u0131lmaz\u2019a g\u00f6re (1974) beyaz y\u00fcnler evde koyu renge boyanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130pler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131kta dolama denilen k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 bir ip t\u00fcr\u00fc ve kendir ipi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Plan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yaz aylar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ad\u0131rda, ocak yeri genelikle d\u0131\u015far\u0131da yer almaktad\u0131r. Ancak so\u011fuk havalarda i\u00e7erde de ate\u015f yak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Duman kap\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. s. 186<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kamp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hayvan yeti\u015ftiren yaylac\u0131 gruplar, Nisan ba\u015f\u0131nda, Ordu ve Giresun \u00e7evreleriyle G\u00fcrcistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 aras\u0131nda, sahilden 10-15 km i\u00e7erilere kadar uzanan alanda hareketlenir. Nisan ortas\u0131ndan May\u0131s ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar aile bireyleri s\u00fcr\u00fclerini sahilden 70-80 km i\u00e7erideki yaylalara 3-4 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren bir yolculuktan sonra ula\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ad\u0131rlar birbirine paralel diziler halinde da\u011f yama\u00e7lar\u0131na kurulur. Yerle\u015fmeler kurulurken buza\u011f\u0131 (d\u00f6l\u00e7ek), s\u00fct sa\u011fma yerleri (bere) ve s\u00fcr\u00fclerin tuz yalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f dizileri (tuzlak) i\u00e7in yerler haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. Eyl\u00fcl\u00fcn son iki haftas\u0131nda \u00f6nce s\u0131\u011f\u0131r s\u00fcr\u00fcleri, ard\u0131ndan koyun ve ke\u00e7i s\u00fcr\u00fcleri k\u00f6ylere indirilerek a\u011f\u0131llar\u0131na (kom) kapat\u0131l\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131llar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bu ad\u0131, \u015eahseven T\u00fcrkmenleri a\u011f\u0131llar\u0131n tavan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rtt\u00fckleri kam\u0131\u015ftan \u00e7at\u0131lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sahildeki hayvan yeti\u015ftirme alan\u0131 500-1000 m aras\u0131ndaki alanda uzanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Benzer Tipler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u0131rtl\u0131 bir \u00e7ad\u0131r t\u00fcr\u00fc oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen sayfan, Y\u00f6r\u00fck tipi \u00e7ad\u0131r olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kaynaklar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hasan Y\u0131lmaz\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131yla bir \u00c7epni olan Torullu Zafer Albayrak\u2019dan 1988 ve 1990\u2019da derlenen bilgiler ba\u015fl\u0131ca kaynaklar\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Hem\u015fin\u2019deki \u00e7ad\u0131r 1983\u2019de R. Benninghaus taraf\u0131ndan foto\u011fraflanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A. Erden 1982\u2019de bu tip \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131 kafesli \u00e7ad\u0131rlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer bilgiler 1989\u2019da Torul yaylalar\u0131nda y\u00f6re halk\u0131ndan derlenmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ok daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya gerek vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u0131lmaz, Hasan 1974, Do\u011fu Karadeniz G\u00f6\u00e7erleri \u00dczerine Yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f Derlemeler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
O\u011fuz Gelenekleri \/ Yaylalarda \u00c7ad\u0131r \/ Sinan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":899,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[225,99,243],"tags":[275],"hf_cat_post":[],"class_list":["post-2840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-23-sinan-kilic","category-gelenekler","category-kadirga-yaylasi","tag-cadir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2840","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2840"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2841,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2840\/revisions\/2841"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/899"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2840"},{"taxonomy":"hf_cat_post","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hf_cat_post?post=2840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}