O\u011eUZEL\u0130\u2019NDE ISLIK D\u0130L\u0130 \/ Sinan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de, Giresun ve Trabzon\u2019un da\u011fl\u0131k i\u00e7 kesimlerinde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n yabanc\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0131sl\u0131k yoluyla anla\u015fma bi\u00e7imi dil bilimcilerin ve akustik m\u00fchendislerinin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na konu olmaktad\u0131r. Bu dil T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk kez dil bilimci Do\u011fan Aksa taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131yla incelenmi\u015ftir[1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Isl\u0131k dilinin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinde farkl\u0131 halklar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; Nepal\u2019de, Meksika\u2019da, \u0130spanya ile Fransa aras\u0131ndaki Pirene da\u011flar\u0131nda, Kanarya adalar\u0131nda, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Euboia b\u00f6lgesinde, Yeni Gine\u2019de, Vietnam\u2019da, \u00c7in\u2019in Yunan b\u00f6lgesinde ve Senegal\u2019de kendi ana dillerine g\u00f6re \u0131sl\u0131k dili konu\u015fan insanlar saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do\u011fu Karadeniz da\u011f k\u00f6ylerinden biri olan Giresun\u2019un \u00c7anak\u00e7\u0131 il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 Ku\u015fk\u00f6y\u2019de 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri her y\u0131l Haziran ay\u0131n\u0131n son hafta sonu bir festival d\u00fczenlenmekte ve \u0131sl\u0131k dili konu\u015fanlar aras\u0131nda yar\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ku\u015fk\u00f6y deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan ku\u015f u\u00e7umu 18 km i\u00e7erde, Sis da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hemen bat\u0131s\u0131nda, G\u00f6rele deresinin vadisi i\u00e7inde yer almaktad\u0131r. Ku\u015fk\u00f6y\u2019de konu\u015fulan \u0131sl\u0131k dili, Do\u011fan Aksa\u2019dan sonra 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir yay\u0131nla da bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[3].<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinde Do\u011fan Aksa\u2019n\u0131n 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 sayesinde, Giresun\u2019un G\u00fcce il\u00e7esi ile Trabzon\u2019un \u015ealpazar\u0131 il\u00e7esi aras\u0131ndaki da\u011fl\u0131k kesimde yer alan \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00f6yde \u0131sl\u0131k dili konu\u015fuldu\u011funu ortaya koyulmu\u015ftur. Say\u0131lan bu k\u00f6yler aras\u0131nda \u201cU\u011fuz\u201d k\u00f6y\u00fc de yer almaktad\u0131r. Yay\u0131nlanan yaz\u0131da \u0131sl\u0131k dili konu\u015fulan k\u00f6ylerin \u00e7o\u011funda bu dilin art\u0131k unutulmaya y\u00fcz tuttu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Frans\u0131z biyoakustik m\u00fchendislerinden Julien Meyer \u0131sl\u0131k dilini t\u00fcm detaylar\u0131yla ortaya koyan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara imza atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lyon \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0131sl\u0131k dili konusunda doktoras\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayan J. Meyer, d\u00fcnyada 60 farkl\u0131 \u0131sl\u0131k dili konu\u015fuldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z etmektedir. Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinde konu\u015fulan \u0131sl\u0131k dili konusunda da incelemelerde bulunan uzman, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ayr\u0131ca Do\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgesinde de bu dilin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor[4].<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinde yap\u0131lan incelemeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fczlerce s\u00f6zc\u00fck \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan istatistik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u0131sl\u0131k dilinde b\u00fct\u00fcn anla\u015fmay\u0131 (i, \u00f6, \u00fc) seslileri ile (f, \u00e7, k) sessizleri sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7edeki b\u00fct\u00fcn sesler bu 6 ses i\u00e7inde gruplanarak \u0131sl\u0131k yoluyla s\u00f6zc\u00fcklere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Grup 1) \u201ci\u201d ve \u201c\u00fc\u201d (\u201ci\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Grup 2) \u201ce\u201d ve \u201c\u00f6\u201d (\u201c\u00f6\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Grup 3) \u201c\u0131\u201d, \u201cu\u201d, \u201ca\u201d ve \u201co\u201d (\u201co\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Grup 4) \u201cp\u201d, \u201cb\u201d, \u201cf\u201d, \u201cv\u201d, \u201ch\u201d ve \u201cm\u201d (\u201cf\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Grup 5) \u201ct\u201d, \u201cd\u201d, \u201c\u00e7\u201d, \u201cc\u201d, \u201cs\u201d, \u201cz\u201d, \u201cr\u201d, \u201cl\u201d, \u201c\u015f\u201d, \u201cj\u201d, \u201cn\u201d ve \u201cy\u201d (\u201c\u00e7\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Grup 6) \u201ck\u201d ve \u201cg\u201d (\u201ck\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu yolla sesler kendi bi\u00e7imlerinde de\u011fil, ba\u015fka bir ses olarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir bak\u0131ma \u015fifrelenmi\u015f oluyor. \u015eifrelerde her i\u015faretin yerine bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n konmas\u0131 gibi, \u0131sl\u0131k dilinde de her sesin yerine bir \u0131sl\u0131k sesi ge\u00e7iyor. Yap\u0131lan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada her sesin \u0131sl\u0131k dilindeki sesi bilindi\u011finden herhangi bir t\u00fcmcenin, \u0131sl\u0131k dilindeki bi\u00e7imi de k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerine yaz\u0131labiliyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcmce: Jandarma geliyor, tabancan\u0131 sakla<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Isl\u0131k Dili: \u00e7o\u00e7\u00e7ofo k\u00f6\u00e7i\u00e7o\u00e7 \u00e7ofo\u00e7\u00e7o\u00e7o \u00e7ok\u00e7o\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrk\u00e7edeki temel seslerin 6 \u0131sl\u0131k sesi ile \u015fifrelenmesi ilk bak\u0131\u015fta s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin \u0131sl\u0131kla ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde s\u00f6ylenebilece\u011fi izlenimi verebilir. Ancak \u0131sl\u0131k dilinde kullan\u0131lan s\u00f6zc\u00fckler yerel a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n etkisiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131dad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u0131sl\u0131k dilinde s\u00f6ylenen t\u00fcmceyi duyan kimse s\u00f6z\u00fcn ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na bakarak hangi s\u00f6zc\u00fckten sonra ne s\u00f6ylenece\u011fini kestirebilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Isl\u0131k genelde k\u0131sa ve kesik haberle\u015fme arac\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ormanl\u0131k bir arazide birbirini kaybeden ki\u015fi y\u00fcksek sesle \u201cneredesin\u201d anlam\u0131nda \u0131sl\u0131k \u00e7alar. Di\u011feri buna yine \u0131sl\u0131kla \u201cburaday\u0131m\u201d diye yan\u0131t verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ku\u015fk\u00f6y\u2019\u00fcn hemen yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Karab\u00f6rg beldesi O\u011fuzeli\u2019ne ku\u015f u\u00e7umu 20 km g\u00fcneybat\u0131dad\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n yaylas\u0131 da Sisda\u011f\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. \u201cKarab\u00f6rk\u201d O\u011fuz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde \u201ckara ba\u015fl\u0131k\u201d demektir. Onlar\u0131n da ayni tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde, da\u011fl\u0131k kesimde g\u00f6\u00e7er bir toplum iken yerle\u015fik ya\u015fama ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde O\u011fuzeli halk\u0131 gibi yar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7er bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi benimsedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fan Aksa\u2019n\u0131n \u0131sl\u0131k dilini saptad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6ylerin hepsi ayn\u0131 co\u011frafi \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir ve ayn\u0131 tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O\u011fuzeli k\u00f6ylerinden biri olan T\u00fcrkelli\u2019den, orta ya\u015f ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filerden gelen baz\u0131 bilgiler \u00f6zellikle yaylada \u00e7obanlar aras\u0131nda \u0131sl\u0131k dili konu\u015fanlar\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu y\u00f6rede \u0131sl\u0131k \u201c\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k\u201d diye adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin y\u00f6rede bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rma \u00fcnlemi olan \u201cara\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belli bir uzakl\u0131ktan birini \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u201curraaoouu\u201d bi\u00e7imine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmekte ve bu \u0131sl\u0131kla da ifade edilebilmektedir (Kaynak: Metin K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7). T\u00fcrkelli\u2019nin \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda, Topall\u0131 mahallesinde, koyunculuk yapan ailelerin olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan burada \u0131sl\u0131k dili bilenlerin de olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r (Kaynak: Metin K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7). Eskiden kom\u015fu k\u00f6ylere haber g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in \u0131sl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin cenaze \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmalar\u0131n \u201cfiiuuuu\u201d bi\u00e7iminde \u0131sl\u0131kla ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131rarak \u00f6lenin kimli\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir (Kaynak: Metin K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7). T\u00fcrkelli\u2019den \u0131sl\u0131k dili konusunda bilgi sahibi ki\u015filerin halen bulundu\u011fu ve onlar\u0131n bu dili yayla ya\u015fam\u0131ndan bildikleri belirtilmektedir (Kaynak: G\u00fcler \u0130pek). Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkelli\u2019de eskiden \u0131sl\u0131kla anla\u015fanlar\u0131n, birbirlerine \u201cgel\u201d, \u201cgit\u201d ve \u201c\u00e7abuk ol\u201d gibi basit t\u00fcmceler s\u00f6ylemekte idiler (Kaynak: \u015eakir Sa\u011flam).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yerle\u015fim bi\u00e7imi bak\u0131ndan birbirlerinden uzak olan evler ya da aradaki derin bir vadinin iki yan\u0131ndaki k\u00f6yler aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimin eski zamanlarda \u0131sl\u0131kla sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k bir b\u00f6lge olan Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de birbirlerini g\u00f6remeyen ki\u015filer bu yolla ileti\u015fim kuruyor, b\u00f6ylece ormandaki ya da bah\u00e7elerdeki i\u015fler y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor olmal\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 \u0131sl\u0131k diline olan gereksinimi ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu denenle \u0131sl\u0131k dili b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla ortadan kaybolmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D. Aksa\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de \u0131sl\u0131k dilini saptad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lge bir \u00c7epni yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgesi olarak bilinmektedir[5]. Yavuz Selim zaman\u0131nda, 1515\/16 y\u0131l\u0131nda (Hicri 921) haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan tahrir defterlerinde Giresun, Torul ve G\u00f6rele aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lge \u201cVilayet-i \u00c7epni\u201d diye ge\u00e7mektedir. Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut (1008-1105) \u00c7epnilerin O\u011fuz Han\u2019\u0131n soyundan geldi\u011fini ve onun o\u011fullar\u0131ndan G\u00f6k Han\u2019\u0131n d\u00f6rt o\u011flundan birinin \u00c7epni ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirilmektedir. Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut\u2019un verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re O\u011fuzlar\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7ok koluna ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan \u00c7epniler, \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkistan\u2019dan \u0130ran\u2019a ve buradan da Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015flerdir. Bu yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 F. S\u00fcmer 13. y\u00fczy\u0131la yerle\u015ftirmesine kar\u015f\u0131n[6]., M. Enver \u015eerifgil\u2019e g\u00f6re daha 9. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Hurrem\u00eeler ve Babek\u00eeler de \u00c7epni olabilir. Bunlardan Hurrem\u00eelerin Aras nehri vadisi boyunca Bizans topraklar\u0131na girmi\u015f ve buradan Bat\u0131 Anadolu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ile Balkanlardaki Rodop da\u011flar\u0131na yerle\u015fmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar[7]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu tarihsel bilgiler, Giresun ve Trabzon aras\u0131ndaki \u0131sl\u0131k dili konu\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00c7epni soyundan geldikleri, \u00c7epnilerin daha 9. y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00f6lgede g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olabilecek hayvanc\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7er topluluklar olduklar\u0131 ve bu nedenle b\u00f6lgede konu\u015fulan \u0131sl\u0131k dilinin y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6ncesine dayanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konular\u0131nda ku\u015fkuya yer b\u0131rakmamaktad\u0131r.
\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[1] D. Aksa, “Anadolu’da Isl\u0131k Dili (langue siffl\u00e9e) Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00d6n Raporu” T\u00fcrkoloji Dergisi III\/1, Ankara \u00fcniversitesi DTCF, 1968, s. 49-64; \u00d6zcan Ba\u015fkan\u2019\u0131n \u201cLeng\u00fcistik Metodu\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n (\u0130stanbul 1967 ve 2003) ara b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde kendi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda Do\u011fan Aksa\u2019n\u0131n da \u0131sl\u0131k diliyle ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na yer verilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[2] J. Meyer, \u201cBioacoustics of human whistled languages: an alternative approach to the cognitive processes of language\u201d Anais da Academia Brasileira de Cr\u00eancias 76\/2, 2004, s. 405-412; J. Meyer, \u201cAcoustic features and perceptive cues of songs and diologues in whistled speech: Convergences with sung speech\u201d International Symposium Moscow-Aizu (ISMA), 29-30 Ekim 2007, Aizu, Japonya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[3] R. G. Busnel, \u201cRecherches exp\u00e9rimentales sur la langue siffl\u00e9e de Kuskoy\u201d Rev. Phon\u00e9tique Appliqu\u00e9e 14\/15, 1970, s. 41-57.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[4] Bu konu T\u00fcrk bas\u0131n\u0131na yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada 20.04.2005 g\u00fcnl\u00fc H\u00fcrriyet gazetesindeki haberden yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[5] \u0130. Tellio\u011flu, Osmanl\u0131 H\u00e2kimiyetine Kadar Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de T\u00fcrkler (Trabzon 2004); \u201c\u00c7epniler (\u0130stanbul 1980).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[6] F. S\u00fcmer, O\u011fuzlar: T\u00fcrkmenler Tarihleri – Boy Te\u015fkilat\u0131 \u2013 Destanlar\u0131 (\u0130stanbul 1992).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[7] M. Enver \u015eerifgil, \u201cToponimik bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma; g\u00f6\u00e7ler ve yer adlar\u0131 (T\u00fcrkler, Pomaklar ve Bulgarlar\u201d T\u00fcrk Dili Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi 7, 1980, 81-126.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
O\u011eUZEL\u0130\u2019NDE ISLIK D\u0130L\u0130 \/ Sinan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[225,97],"tags":[272],"hf_cat_post":[],"class_list":["post-2834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-23-sinan-kilic","category-dilimiz","tag-islik-dili"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2834","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2834"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2834\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2835,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2834\/revisions\/2835"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2834"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2834"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2834"},{"taxonomy":"hf_cat_post","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hf_cat_post?post=2834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}