Ne istemi\u015flerdi \u015earl\u0131\u2019 dan?\/Em.\u00d6\u011frt. Atilla Korkmaz<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00c7ocuklu\u011fumun yazlar\u0131nda kocaman bir aile olurduk. Dedem, Elmas anam ve Mustafa amcam\u0131n iki k\u0131z\u0131, y\u0131l\u0131n on iki ay\u0131 k\u00f6yde kal\u0131rlard\u0131. Yaz tatilleri geldi\u011finde ise, annemle biz ve Mustafa amcam\u0131n e\u015fi, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ayn\u0131 evde bir araya gelirdik. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u00f6y evi. Durur hala, oturan\u0131 yok. Nas\u0131l s\u0131\u011fard\u0131 o kadar insan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck eve bilmem.
Tiyatro bildi\u011fimiz bir\u015fey de\u011fil o zamanlar. Sinemaya gelince, bir benim seyretmi\u015fli\u011fim var. O da yaln\u0131z bir film. Ad\u0131n\u0131 da hat\u0131rlam\u0131yorum. Vahi \u00d6z ve tombul yanakl\u0131 bir bayan ba\u015frol oynuyorlar. 1958\u2019 mi, 59\u2019 mu ne? O kadar heyecanlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m ki ilk kez sinemaya gitti\u011fim i\u00e7in, zifiri karanl\u0131k bir ortamda kalp \u00e7arp\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131mla izliyordum perdedekileri, konu ile ilgili pek bir\u015fey kalmad\u0131 akl\u0131mda. Ama arkada\u015flar\u0131m anlatmam\u0131 istediklerinde her seferinde yeni yeni \u015feyler ekleyerek, olmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fim \u015fekilde anlat\u0131yordum onlara. Yine de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilgi ile dinliyorlard\u0131, s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fen senaryoya ra\u011fmen.
E\u011flence d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n en geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 i\u015fte bu kadar.Daha \u00e7ok kendi aram\u0131zdaki oyun ve e\u011flencelerle zaman ge\u00e7iriyoruz. Hayalerimiz bizi, en fazla k\u00f6yden on onbe\u015f kilometre uza\u011fa g\u00f6t\u00fcrebiliyor. Yok ki ba\u015fka yerlerden haberimiz.
Yak\u0131n \u00e7evremizde kurulan haftal\u0131k pazarlar\u0131 takip ediyoruz. Hi\u00e7 unutmam bir de tekerlememiz var;
Pazartesi, Fol (Vakf\u0131kebir)
\u00c7a\u015famba, Enesi (Eynesil)
Pe\u015fembe, \u015earl\u0131 (Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc)
Bu pazarlar\u0131n, biz \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in bamba\u015fka bir anlam\u0131 var. E\u011fer evden bir b\u00fcy\u00fck pazara gitmi\u015fse, o g\u00fcn beyaz bu\u011fday ekme\u011fi veya lava\u015f (pide) yiyece\u011fimizi bilirdik. \u00c7ok severdik ikisini de. M\u0131s\u0131r ekme\u011fi pi\u015ferdi bizim saclar\u0131n \u00fczerinde. Mevsim yaz, karpuz mevsimi do\u011fal olarak, bir de b\u00fcy\u00fck karpuz gelirdi ki camadan\u0131n i\u00e7inde, bizden mutlusu yok. Bu bak\u0131mdan bir engel \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p pazarlardan birine gidilememesini kay\u0131p sayard\u0131k kendimizce.
Mevsim ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re bu pazarlar\u0131n en az ikisine giderdi, dedem. Bazen beni de g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrlerdi, daha \u00e7ok Elmas anam da giderken. Yol yok, y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek gidilirdi o nedenle.
Fol Pazar\u0131\u2019 na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc hat\u0131rlam\u0131yorum da \u015earl\u0131, daha \u00e7ok Eynesil. Yak\u0131n ya k\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fcze.
G\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131madan kalk\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, pazara gitmek i\u00e7in. Gruplar halinde y\u00fcr\u00fcyen insanlar alacakaranl\u0131kta. S\u0131rtlar\u0131nda sepetler, \u015felekler, camadanlar. Sepetlerin, \u015feleklerin, camadanlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u00e7o\u011funlukla bir topak tereya\u011f\u0131 ve varsa birka\u00e7 torba \u00e7\u00f6kelik. Paraya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek pazarda, bu parayla da ihtiya\u00e7lar def edilecek
Zaman sonbahara eri\u015fmi\u015fse, pazara giden kafileye \u00fcz\u00fcm ta\u015f\u0131yan gelinlik k\u0131zlar ve gen\u00e7 gelinler de eklenirdi.
K\u0131sa olu\u015fundan \u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu\u011fumuz insan hayat\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7ine s\u0131\u011fan bu b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimi anlamak da, anlatmak da ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok zor;
Ne \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcm olurdu k\u00f6ylerimizde. Say\u0131lar\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fcnden az da olsa k\u0131z\u0131la\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n neredeyse her birinin boynuna dolanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00fcz\u00fcm teve\u011fi. Armut, elma a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131na dolananlar da cabas\u0131. A\u011fsirke, Garasirke, Bozurma, Batum (D\u0131ba) \u00fcz\u00fcmleri; K\u00fcpler dolusu pekmezler kaynat\u0131l\u0131r, pekmez tavalar\u0131nda, yine de \u00e7ok fazla gelirdi \u00fcz\u00fcmler. At\u0131, kat\u0131r\u0131 olanlar semerin iki yan\u0131na asard\u0131 birer sepet, naklederdi \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc pazara.
Olmayanlar da Adem k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 koyard\u0131 at\u0131n, kat\u0131r\u0131n yerine;
G\u00fcrb\u00fcz, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc – kuvvetli k\u0131zlar ve gelinler, her biri \u00fcz\u00fcm dolu bir sepeti s\u0131rtlam\u0131\u015flar, y\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar. Bir sa\u011fa bir sola sallan\u0131yor y\u00fck, onlar ad\u0131m att\u0131k\u00e7a. Y\u00fck o kadar a\u011f\u0131r ki, g\u0131c\u0131rd\u0131yor ba\u011f\u0131n sepete ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer. Hem ba\u011f hem sepet isyan ediyor bu a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fcke sanki. \u015eimdilik ta\u015f\u0131yanlar\u0131n dizinden, belinden, omurgas\u0131ndan bir ses seda \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yor da, kendileri neler hissediyorlar, ne s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131larla y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar, onu bilen yok.
O y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131nacak pazara, \u00e7are yok. Ta\u015f\u0131nacak ve pazarda sat\u0131lacak. Para ele ge\u00e7ince de ihtiya\u00e7lar g\u00f6r\u00fclecek. Para da para olsa. Koca bir sepet \u00fcz\u00fcm sekiz, on lira. Tuz al\u0131nacak, \u015feker , gaz (gazya\u011f\u0131) , bez (basma, divitin, Amerikan) al\u0131nacak. Liste bitecek gibi de\u011fil ki. Ba\u015f sarmaya yazma, \u00e7ember, bel sarmaya pe\u015ftemal, evde sevinmek i\u00e7in bekleyen \u00e7ocuklara sar\u0131 kurabiye, koz helvas\u0131, uzun yol ve a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck\u00fcn yiyip bitirdi\u011finin yerine yeni bir lastik ayakkab\u0131, ekmek al\u0131nacak.
Para o kadar bulunmaz ve o kadar de\u011ferli ki insanlar i\u00e7in, kuru\u015fun hesab\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor al\u0131\u015f – veri\u015flerde. Sepetin i\u00e7inde ve s\u0131rtta kilometrelerce ta\u015f\u0131nan o \u00fcz\u00fcm, pekmez haline getirilip, pazara bir kavanoz i\u00e7inde ve elde ta\u015f\u0131narak getirilse ta\u015f\u0131ma daha zahmetsiz, kazan\u00e7 da daha fazla olur kim bilir, ama k\u00f6r olsun ihtiyac\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc, o kadar sab\u0131rs\u0131z ki!
O g\u00fcrb\u00fcz, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, kuvvetli k\u0131zlar\u0131n ve gelinlerin pek \u00e7o\u011funu epeyce uzun y\u0131llar sonra da g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 o \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fcklerin bellerindeki, dizlerindeki, omurgalar\u0131ndaki yans\u0131malar\u0131yla. \u0130lerleyen ya\u015flar\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcmeyi, ayakta duramaz oldu kimi, kimi de iki b\u00fckl\u00fcm kald\u0131. Y\u00fcz\u00fc yere bakar halde, g\u00f6vdesi yere paralel y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ka\u00e7 ya\u015fl\u0131 kad\u0131n sayd\u0131m k\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fczde bilirmisiniz?
Bilmeyin daha iyi, ben biliyor olmaktan \u00e7ok \u00fczg\u00fcn\u00fcm, onlar ad\u0131na. \u00c7o\u011fu aram\u0131zda de\u011fil art\u0131k.
\u0130lk \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumuzdan ba\u015flayarak bilincimizde pazarla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen yerin ad\u0131 \u015earl\u0131 idi. Babam\u0131n, annemin, dedemin \u201dn\u00fcfus ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131nda\u201d do\u011fum yeri hanesinde \u015earl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. \u00dcstelik kendisinden hayata ili\u015fkin pek \u00e7ok \u015feyler \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fim Elmas anam \u201c\u015earl\u0131\u201d derdi oraya, \u015ealpazar\u0131\u2019 na da \u201c\u015ear yeri\u201d.
\u00c7ok g\u00fczel ve \u015fiirsel bir isimdi \u015earl\u0131. \u015earl\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 da ismi gibi g\u00fczeldi. \u015eimdiki Belediye Binas\u0131 ve \u00f6n\u00fcndeki park\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc geni\u015f\u00e7e bir aland\u0131. Dizi, dizi \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7evrelerdi bu alan\u0131. Bug\u00fcn Belediye\u2019 nin do\u011fu taraf\u0131nda bulunan \u201c\u00e7akma\u201d \u015fad\u0131rvan\u0131n oldu\u011fu yerde de ger\u00e7ek bir \u015fad\u0131rvan vard\u0131. Binalar en fazla iki katl\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tek katl\u0131 d\u00fckkanlar ve yine i\u015fyeri olarak kullan\u0131lan ah\u015fap, sala\u015f barakalar. K\u0131sacas\u0131 kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir kimli\u011fi olan g\u00fczel bir yal\u0131 kasabas\u0131yd\u0131, \u015earl\u0131.
G\u00fcnlerin birinde A\u011fasar deresi \u00fczerindeki k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn giri\u015finde ayn\u0131 dire\u011fe as\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iki tabeladan alttakinde \u201cAkhisar Deresi\u201d, \u00fcsttekinde \u201cBe\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc\u201d alt\u0131nda \u201cN\u00fcfus….\u201d yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. O yaz\u0131lar\u0131 okudu\u011fumda alt\u0131 veya yedi ya\u015flar\u0131nda olmal\u0131y\u0131m. \u015ea\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m ne yalan s\u00f6yleyeyim. Akhisar neresiydi? Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc neresiydi?
B\u00fcy\u00fckler, gitmekte oldu\u011fumuz yerin Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylediler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u015earl\u0131 eski ad\u0131yd\u0131,\u201d dediler.
Adlar\u0131n da zamanla eskidi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendim o zaman, t\u0131pk\u0131 e\u015fyalar gibi. Niye de eskisin ki adlar? Bu soru hep kald\u0131 akl\u0131m\u0131n bir kenar\u0131nda.
O g\u00fcn \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 eskisi gibi \u015firin, eskisi gibi g\u00fczel gelmedi bana. Ah\u015fap barakalar\u0131n yamuk, yumuk durdu\u011funu, \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya pek de yak\u0131\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 farkettim birden. Sonra, d\u00fckkanlar\u0131n hali neydi b\u00f6yle? S\u0131valar\u0131 yer yer d\u00f6k\u00fck, boya ve badanalar\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc. \u015earl\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131n gizemi ve ho\u015flu\u011fu da yoktu Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc\u2019 nde \u00fcstelik. Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc, \u015earl\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n \u00e7irkin haliydi, benim \u00e7ocuk g\u00f6z\u00fcmle. Ne istemi\u015flerdi \u015earl\u0131\u2019 dan?
O zaman bilemiyordum bunu.
\u015earl\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131n hangi tarihten bu yana kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da.
\u201cAnadolu\u2019 ya y\u00f6nelik ilk T\u00fcrk ak\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Do\u011fu karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinin g\u00fcney kesimlerinin O\u011fuz gruplar\u0131n\u0131n hedefi haline geldi\u011fi bilinmektedir. Daha 1048 y\u0131l\u0131 dolay\u0131nda O\u011fuz boylar\u0131n\u0131n Trabzon ve Bayburt y\u00f6resine kadar ilerlemi\u015f olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tu\u011frul Bey\u2019 in 1054 harekat\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00c7oruh vadisi ve Canik da\u011flar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkmenlerin yo\u011fun faaliyette bulunduklar\u0131, hatta \u015earkikarahisar\u2019 \u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdikleri, Alpaslan\u2019 \u0131n 1064\u2019 te \u015eav\u015fat ve Artvin\u2019 e ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1067-1068 de Trabzon\u2019 un hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. Bu d\u00f6nemlerde b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6zellikle Trabzon hatt\u0131 ve g\u00fcneydeki yayla alanlar\u0131n O\u011fuz\/T\u00fcrkmen boylar\u0131n\u0131n hareket alan\u0131 durumuna geldi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. 1071\u2019 den sonra ise Trabzon\u2019 un Sel\u00e7uklular taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi Bizans kaynaklar\u0131nda belirtilir. Anna Komnena .(1083-1153) Theodoros Gabras\u2019 \u0131n vaktiyle T\u00fcrklerden geri ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kent olan Trabzon\u2019 a vali olarak yolland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerken, dolayl\u0131 olarak \u015fehrin T\u00fcrklerin eline ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011funu ima eder. Bu bilgi Trabzon\u2019 un de\u011fil, \u00e7evresinin T\u00fcrk hakimiyetine girmi\u015f oldu\u011funu da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Her ne olursa olsun Trabzon y\u00f6resinin 1072\u2019 de -en az\u0131ndan 1075\u2019 e kadar- T\u00fcrklerin n\u00fcfuz sahas\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu hakimiyetin A\u011fasar vadisinin \u00fcst taraflar\u0131n\u0131 yayla alanlar\u0131n\u0131 da kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir\u2026
T\u00fcrkmen ak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n 1080\u2019 de Trabzon\u2019 a kadar uzanmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kuvvetlendirmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Trabzon \u00e7evresiyle Bayburt G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane hatt\u0131 T\u00fcrkmenlerin yo\u011funla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sahalar\u0131n birini olu\u015fturmu\u015f, Dani\u015fmentlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131yla Trabzon\u2019 un g\u00fcneyindeki da\u011fl\u0131k alanlar\u0131n arka taraflar\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. Fakat bu hakimiyet m\u00fccadelesinin daha \u00e7ok Trabzon\u2019 un da\u011fl\u0131k alanlar\u0131n\u0131n arka kesiminde \u015earkikarahisar, Bayburt ve Kelkit vadisi boylar\u0131nda cereyan etti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Hen\u00fcz T\u00fcrkmenlerin Trabzon\u2019 un yaylal\u0131k alanlar\u0131ndan vadiler boyunca sahillere do\u011fru ge\u00e7ici te\u015febb\u00fcsleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kal\u0131c\u0131 askeri harekatlar\u0131 i\u00e7in erkendir. Nitekim Dani\u015fmentler 1140\u2019 larda bile Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019 in bat\u0131 ucuna \u00dcnye-Bafra taraflar\u0131na ak\u0131nlar yap\u0131yorlar ve buradaki Bizans varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece XII. Asr\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru gerek Trabzon, gerekse bunun bat\u0131 cihetlerinde Dani\u015fmendli tesirin izleri, sonraki as\u0131rlarda bile silinmeyecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kal\u0131c\u0131 olacakt\u0131r\u2026
I.Alaeddin Keykubad d\u00f6neminde Erzurum melikinin Trabzon\u2019 u hedefleyen \u00fc\u00e7 seferi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015fsa da sava\u015f ortam\u0131 Trabzon\u2019 un bat\u0131 taraflar\u0131ndaki da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlerdeki Hristiyan n\u00fcfusun giderek erime s\u00fcrecini de ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. I. Alaeddin Keykubad Sinop\u2019 tan \u00dcnye\u2019 ye kadar olan yerleri ele ge\u00e7irip (1228) bat\u0131dan Trabzon\u2019 a y\u00f6neldi\u011finde, Erzincan emiri de De\u011firmendere vadisini izleyerek Trabzon \u00f6nlerine gelmi\u015fti\u2026 Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z bir te\u015febb\u00fcs olarak kalan bu seferin ard\u0131ndan XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Trabzon\u2019 un bat\u0131 taraflar\u0131nda istikrars\u0131z bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flad\u0131. Bilhassa \u00c7epni gruplar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer T\u00fcrkmen boylar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019 in iskan tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fime yol a\u00e7acak ilk k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlar da ate\u015flenmi\u015f oldu.
\u00d6zellikle Mo\u011follar\u0131n Anadolu\u2019 ya giri\u015fiyle birlikte XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkmen boylar\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131 Anadolu ve Kuzeydo\u011fu Anadolu yaylalar\u0131na do\u011fru \u00e7ekildikleri bilinmektedir. Bu ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131, Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019 da zamanla yeni siyasi birliklerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarken Kuzey Anadolu sahillerine yak\u0131n kesimlerinde de O\u011fuz gruplar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun faaliyetlerine zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131. O\u011fuzlar\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7ok koluna mensup \u00c7epnilerin \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Trabzon Komnenoslar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131na do\u011fru itilmi\u015f olduklar\u0131, hatta Orta Karadeniz\u2019 in sahil kesimlerine do\u011fru inerek \u00f6n plana ge\u00e7tikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7epni topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n Trabzon s\u0131n\u0131r hatt\u0131nda bilhassa Ordu y\u00f6resinde yeni siyasi birliklerin te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle bunlara mensup oldu\u011fu tahmin edilen Bayram Bey\u2019 in kurdu\u011fu beylik Trabzon\u2019 un bat\u0131 ucunda s\u0131n\u0131r hatt\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131 ve XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda tarih\u00e7i Panaretos\u2019 un k\u0131sa tarih\u00e7esinde Giresun\u2019 un do\u011fusunda Trabzon\u2019 a kadar olan kesimde \u00c7epnilerin ve Akkoyunlulara ba\u011fl\u0131 T\u00fcrkmen boylar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun faaliyetlerinden s\u00f6z edilir. Bu ak\u0131n faaliyetlerinin A\u011fasar vadisini de yak\u0131ndan ilgilendiren bir kesafet kazanarak Trabzon\u2019 u g\u00fc\u00e7 duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilinmektedir\u2026
Trabzon b\u00f6lgesinin en eski tahrir kayd\u0131 olan 1486 tarihli defterde, A\u011fasar vadisinin \u00c7epni vilayeti s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde belirlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 1400\u2019 l\u00fc y\u0131llardaki geli\u015fmelerin yans\u0131malar\u0131d\u0131r\u2026\u201d
Bu genel tarih\u00e7eden sonra d\u00f6nelim \u015earl\u0131 \u00f6zeline;
Prof. Dr. Feridun M. Emecen \u201cA\u011fasar Vadisi; \u015ealpazar\u0131 – Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc \u201c adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda, 1682 tarihli \u201cmufassal tipte\u201d, yani k\u00f6ylerdeki erkek ki\u015filerin isim d\u00f6k\u00fcmleri verilmek suretiyle haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir \u201cAvar\u0131z defteri\u201d ndeki bilgileri kan\u0131t g\u00f6stererek, \u015earl\u0131 yerle\u015fim biriminin 1682 y\u0131llar\u0131na do\u011fru kuruldu\u011funu ve burada d\u00f6rt erkek n\u00fcfusun kay\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011funu yaz\u0131yor.
Tanzimat\u2019 la birlikte 1264 (1848 – 49) y\u0131l\u0131 vergi payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili haz\u0131rlanan bir listede de \u015earl\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n nahiye olarak an\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Ak\u00e7aabat kazas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u015earl\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir yerle\u015fim yeri oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme, deniz kenar\u0131nda olmas\u0131, bir iskelesinin bulunmas\u0131 ve baz\u0131 ticari binalara sahip olmas\u0131ndand\u0131r.
1874 tarihli bir mahzarada ise a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde \u015earl\u0131\u2019 da h\u00fck\u00fcmet kona\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 ve pazar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, Vakf\u0131kebir\u2019 in idari birimlerinin de burada yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir.
\u015earl\u0131 nahiyesi, Vakf\u0131kebir ile G\u00f6rele kazalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 46 k\u00f6y\u00fc bulunan, n\u00fcfusu 4000\u2019 e ula\u015fan idari birim olarak k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Vakf\u0131kebir\u2019 e, daha sonra G\u00f6rele kazas\u0131na dahil edilir. 1874 de tekrar G\u00f6rele\u2019 den ayr\u0131larak Vakf\u0131kebir kazas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131n\u0131r.
\u015earl\u0131 nahiyesinin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda iki taraf ahalisinin baz\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7eki\u015fme ve anla\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, gerek n\u00fcfus gerek hane bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu iki kazadan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kalmayan bu yerin m\u00fcstakil bir m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck haline getirilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.
B\u00f6ylece \u015earl\u0131 nahiyesi do\u011frudan Trabzon\u2019 a ba\u011flan\u0131r.
\u015earl\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n \u00e7ok yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan Vakf\u0131kebir ve G\u00f6rele kazalar\u0131 yerine \u00e7ok uzak olan Trabzon merkez kazas\u0131na ba\u011flanmas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok sorunu da beraberinde getirir do\u011fal olarak. Bu arada Vakf\u0131kebir\u2019 in ileri gelenleri kaza s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015earl\u0131 ve \u015ealpazar\u0131\u2019 n\u0131 da i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilmesi i\u00e7in Trabzon\u2019 daki devlet g\u00f6revlilerini zorlamaktad\u0131r. Hem co\u011frafi ger\u00e7eklere hem da idari sorunlar\u0131n daha kolay \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik hakl\u0131 ve do\u011fru bir istektir bu. Ancak, \u015earl\u0131 halk\u0131 Vakf\u0131kebir kazas\u0131na ba\u011flanmay\u0131 kesinlikle reddetmekte, var olan durumu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.
Devlet g\u00f6revlileri ve yerel y\u00f6neticiler de, halk aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kabilecek bir gerginlik ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla bu garip durumu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye devam ederler.
1888 – 1890 tarihli belgelere g\u00f6re \u015earl\u0131 nahiyesinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00f6nemi ve merkez kazaya uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclerek ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kaza olma iste\u011fi idareciler taraf\u0131ndan olumsuz kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r ve bu b\u00f6lgenin Vakf\u0131kebir kazas\u0131na ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n uygun olaca\u011f\u0131 cevab\u0131 verilir. \u015earl\u0131 halk\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddetli kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Vakf\u0131kebir kazas\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131r.
Bundan sonraki y\u0131llarda, ve Cumhuriyetin kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra da, \u015earl\u0131 halk\u0131n\u0131n Vakf\u0131kebir\u2019 den ayr\u0131larak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kaza olma, bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmazsa G\u00f6rele\u2019 ye ba\u011flanma \u00e7abalar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcp gitmi\u015ftir.
Feridun M. Emecen, kitab\u0131nda G\u00f6rele\u2019 ye ba\u011flanma iste\u011fini ; \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrel taban ve tarihi k\u00f6kler\u201d le a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc\u2019 n\u00fcn k\u00fclt\u00fcrel taban\u0131 ve tarihi k\u00f6klerinin bat\u0131s\u0131yla uyumu, bir ger\u00e7ekliktir elbette.
\u015earl\u0131 nahiyesi belediye reisi Ahmet Rifat, Hocazade Mehmed ve e\u015fraftan Hasanalizade Hac\u0131 Osman gibi insanlar\u0131n imzalar\u0131yla 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda Dahiliye Nezareti ve \u015eura – y\u0131 devlete \u00e7ekilen telgraf metninde \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r;
\u201c\u015earl\u0131 nahiyesi k\u0131rk senedir vilayete ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak idare edilmektedir.Buras\u0131 \u015firin bir kasabad\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fckliman nam\u0131yla an\u0131lan liman nahiye merkezindedir. N\u00fcfusuyla, varidat\u0131yla ve iane-i askeriyesiyle civar\u0131nda olan Vakf\u0131kebir\u2019 e hem de civar kazalara nispetle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kazad\u0131r. Arzumuz hilaf\u0131na Trabzon umumi meclisi bizi Vakf\u0131kebir kazas\u0131na ba\u011flama te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunmu\u015ftur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak g\u00f6nderdi\u011fimiz gerek\u00e7eli itiraz\u0131m\u0131z, s\u00fcmen alt\u0131 edilmi\u015ftir. Vakf\u0131kebir kazas\u0131 halk\u0131yla aram\u0131zda her zaman tezah\u00fcr etmekte olan eski bir husumetimiz vard\u0131r. Hatta k\u0131rk sene \u00f6nce nahiyemiz Vakf\u0131kebir ile m\u00fcnasip bir \u015fekilde bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet dairesine malik olmak \u00fczere m\u00fc\u015ftereken idare edilmekteyken \u00e7eki\u015fme ve husumet y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kanl\u0131 bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve bundan sonra iki taraf birbirinden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u015fiddetli d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k sebebiyle Vakf\u0131kebir\u2019e ba\u011flanmaya tahamm\u00fcl edemeyiz. Varidat\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7oktur, n\u00fcfusumuz 30.000 dir, liman nam\u0131na merkezimiz vard\u0131r ve \u00fcstelik geli\u015fmeye a\u00e7\u0131k bir yerdir. Bu bak\u0131mdan nahiyenin m\u00fcstakil kaza yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. E\u011fer bir kazaya ilhak edilmek zaruri ise o vakit di\u011fer tarafta kom\u015fu kaza olan G\u00f6rele kazas\u0131na ba\u011flanmam\u0131z uygun olur.\u201d
Trabzon valili\u011fi, \u015earl\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n merkez il\u00e7eye 12 saat uzakl\u0131kta oldu\u011funu, bu durumun idari i\u015flemlerde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklar yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek buran\u0131n Vakf\u0131kebir kazas\u0131na ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu oldu\u011funda \u0131srar etmi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine \u015earl\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n Vakf\u0131kebir\u2019 e ba\u011flanma karar\u0131 1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda kesinle\u015fmi\u015f ve 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda da tebli\u011f edilmi\u015ftir.
Yine Feridun M. Emecen\u2019 e g\u00f6re; 1922 de \u015earl\u0131 buca\u011f\u0131 la\u011fvedilerek d\u00f6rt ay sonra \u201cAkhisar\u201d ad\u0131yla yeniden kuruldu\u011fu \u015feklindeki bilgi, belgelerle do\u011frulanamamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan 1926-1928 y\u0131llar\u0131na ait devlet salnamelerinde ve 1928 y\u0131l\u0131na ait \u201c Son Te\u015fkilat – \u0131 M\u00fclkiyede K\u00f6ylerimiz\u201d adl\u0131 kitapta ne \u015earl\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n ne de \u015ealpazar\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n nahiyeli\u011finden s\u00f6z edilmemekte, bu yerlere ait k\u00f6yler t\u00fcm\u00fcyle Vakf\u0131kebir kazas\u0131 i\u00e7inde an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan genel n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin istatistik bilgilerinin yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitapta \u015earl\u0131 ve \u015ealpazar\u0131\u2019 ndan tekrar nahiye olarak s\u00f6z edilir. Bir sonraki 1940 genel n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 \u015fekildedir.
\u201cBe\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc\u2019 n\u00fcn tam te\u015fekk\u00fcll\u00fc bir bucak haline getirili\u015fi 7 Aral\u0131k 1953 tarihli kararla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.
Sonu\u00e7 olarak bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn temeli olan \u015earl\u0131 kasabas\u0131 kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fckliman adl\u0131 iskelesiyle sahil kesiminde \u00f6nemli bir merkez haline gelmi\u015ftir. Buras\u0131 ayr\u0131ca Vakf\u0131kebir kazas\u0131 olu\u015fturulmadan \u00f6nce Vakf\u0131kebir\u2019 in de merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmet dairesi durumunda bulunuyordu. \u015earl\u0131 kasabas\u0131n\u0131n gerisinde geni\u015f hinterland\u0131, yo\u011fun n\u00fcfusa sahip k\u00f6yleri A\u011fasar vadi boyuna s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015earl\u0131 nahiyesi b\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00f6zelliklerine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcstakil bir kaza olamad\u0131 ve Vakf\u0131kebir\u2019 e ba\u011flanma problemleri ya\u015fad\u0131. Bu problemler, b\u00f6lgenin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alt yap\u0131s\u0131 itibar\u0131yla da ciddi bir farkl\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.\u201d
\u015earl\u0131 kaza olamad\u0131 ama, Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc il\u00e7e oldu;
\u201cY\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k r\u00fcya\u201d n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi budur herhalde, kasaba halk\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz y\u0131l s\u00fcren kaza (il\u00e7e) olma m\u00fccadelesi 4 Temmuz 1987 tarihinde mutlu sonla bitti.
Ama, isim gitti bu arada. Ger\u00e7ekte bir isim de\u011fi\u015ftirme furyas\u0131nda \u201ckim vurdu\u201d ya gitti, \u015earl\u0131 ismi. Nas\u0131l m\u0131 ? Anlatay\u0131m;
BULGAR\u2019LARA \u0130LHAM VERM\u0130\u015e\u0130Z<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cBizde 1908 deki kinci Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ard\u0131ndan,akl\u0131na esen hemen her y\u00f6netim k\u00f6y, kasaba ve \u015fehir isimlerini can\u0131n\u0131n istedi\u011fi gibi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.De\u011fi\u015ftirmede \u00f6ncelik Rumca, Ermenice, G\u00fcrc\u00fcce, \u00c7erkes\u00e7e, Lazca, Arap\u00e7a, Fars\u00e7a, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e isimlere verildi ve y\u00fczlerce senelik isimler bir g\u00fczel T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirildi. Bu i\u015f i\u00e7in y\u00f6netmelikler yay\u0131nland\u0131, ihtisas komisyonlar\u0131 kuruldu, \u00fcstelik yeni isimlerin eski isimleri hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde hat\u0131rlatmamas\u0131na da itina edildi ve yer adlar\u0131 b\u00f6ylece i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmaz bir hal ald\u0131.
T\u00dcRK\u00c7E \u0130S\u0130MLER DE G\u0130TT\u0130
\u0130ttihat ve terakki\u2019 nin yeni isimler verme politikas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Cumhuriyetin ilk senelerindeki geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmelerin ve hemen her darbenin, ihtilalin ard\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan di\u011fer de\u011fi\u015ftirme faaliyetlerinin neticesinde idari b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerimizin adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bu g\u00fcn karmakar\u0131\u015f\u0131k bir haldedir.Ba\u015fta \u201cTunceli-Dersim\u201d \u00f6rne\u011fi olmak \u00fczere hala devam eden b\u00fct\u00fcn tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sebebi de l\u00fczumsuz de\u011fi\u015ftirme merak\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r
\u201cYer isimlerini T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirme\u201d faaliyetine giri\u015fen b\u00fcrokrasi bazen h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 alamd\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olan yer adlar\u0131n\u0131 da karmakar\u0131\u015f\u0131k etti. Mesela, Digor\u2019 daki \u201cT\u00fcrks\u00f6\u011f\u00fctl\u00fc\u201d n\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131ndaki \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d at\u0131l\u0131p \u201cS\u00f6\u011f\u00fctl\u00fc\u201d yap\u0131ld\u0131, \u201cT\u00fcrkme\u015fen\u201d i \u201cK\u0131rdam\u0131\u201d \u0131 oldu, Ele\u015fkirt\u2019 in \u201cT\u00fcrk Ali\u201d si \u201cDikendere\u201d ye, Sorgun\u2019 un \u201cEymirk\u00fcrt\u201d \u00fc \u201cYaylal\u0131k\u201d a \u00e7evrildi. Sonu \u201cli\u201d ve \u201cl\u0131\u201d eki ile biten ve T\u00fcrkmen a\u015firetlerinin yerle\u015fim merkezlerini g\u00f6steren y\u00fczlerce k\u00f6ye de \u201cMe\u015feli\u201d, \u201cYe\u015filli\u201d, \u201cG\u00fcne\u015fli\u201d, \u201cG\u00fczelli\u201d isimleri verildi.Bir ara yo\u011fun \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan bu de\u011fi\u015ftirme i\u015fleri 1970 lerin sonuna do\u011fru azald\u0131 ise de faaliyet 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019 den sonra tekrar ba\u015flad\u0131, yeni y\u00f6netmelikler yay\u0131nland\u0131. Bu defa i\u00e7erisinde \u201ck\u0131z\u0131l\u201d, \u201c\u00e7an\u201d, \u201c\u015f\u0131h\u201d ve \u201ckilise\u201d s\u00f6zlerinin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ne kadar yer varsa hepsine yeni adlar verildi
20 B\u0130N \u0130S\u0130M DE\u011e\u0130\u015eM\u0130\u015e
F\u0131rat \u00dcniversitesi Co\u011frafya B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019 nden Harun Tun\u00e7el\u2019 in, F\u0131rat \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi\u2019 nde 2000 senesinde yay\u0131nlanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019 de o tarihe kadar 28 bin yerin ismi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir ve bunun 12 binden fazlas\u0131 k\u00f6y adlar\u0131d\u0131r. Sadece Trabzon\u2019 da ve Rize\u2019 de isimleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilen k\u00f6ylerin adedi 495 tir. De\u011fi\u015fiklikler en fazla Do\u011fu Karadeniz, Do\u011fu Anadolu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fuda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ama y\u00f6relerin halk\u0131 hala eski isimleri kullanmaktad\u0131rlar. Sadece bu kadarla kal\u0131nmama\u0131\u015f, ad\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131l, oba, mezra ve \u00e7iftlik gibi ekler yahut k\u00f6kler bulunan tarihi adlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 ba\u015fka hale getirilmi\u015f\u2026.
Peki, bu de\u011fi\u015ftirme faaliyetlerinin neticeleri halk taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc m\u00fc? \u00c7o\u011fu benimsenmedi al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f isim ne ise onun kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na devam edildi. 27 May\u0131s darbesi sonras\u0131nda Bayezid\u2019 in, \u201cH\u00fcrriyet Meydan\u0131\u201d yap\u0131lmas\u0131na hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde ra\u011fbet edilmemesi ve \u015fu andaki resmi ad\u0131 \u201cAdnan Menderes\u201d olan Aksaray\u2019 daki bulvar\u0131n hala \u201cVatan Caddesi\u201d olarak bilinmesi de ra\u011fbet g\u00f6stermemenin en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir.\u201d
Murat BARDAK\u00c7I Habert\u00fcrk Gazetesi 16.12.2013
Yerle\u015fim yerleri isimlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin, yak\u0131n \u00e7evremizi taraflar\u0131na \u015f\u00f6yle bir g\u00f6z att\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ne g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz?
Yak\u0131n \u00e7evremizde eski ad\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e iken, tarihi adlar de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek yap\u0131lan hatalara \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilen, O\u011fuz k\u00f6y\u00fcne \u201cT\u00fcrkelli\u201d, Abdall\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fcne \u201cYe\u015filk\u00f6y\u201d, Korkuthan k\u00f6y\u00fcne \u201cKorkutan\u201d, Kancuma k\u00f6y\u00fcne \u201cA\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131\u201d isminin verilmesi ile ilgili bir bilgi yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmeliyiz \u00f6ncelikle. Bu yerlerin isim de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda olmu\u015f. Di\u011ferleri hakk\u0131nda bir\u015fey s\u00f6yleyemem, ancak O\u011fuz k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn isminin de bunlarla birlikte de\u011fi\u015ftirilip \u201cT\u00fcrkelli\u201d yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisi, tam do\u011fru bir bilgi de\u011fil.
Feridun M. Emecen\u2019 in, \u201cA\u011fasar Vadisi: \u015ealpazar\u0131 – Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc\u201d kitab\u0131nda kaynak g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi 1123 (1707) ve 1136 (1720) tarihli Osmanl\u0131 belgelerinde k\u00f6y\u00fcn ad\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrkilli\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. 1123 tarihli belgede \u201ckarye – i O\u011fuz ki T\u00fcrkilli demekle me\u015fhur\u201d ifadesinin nereyi anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k. 1136 tarihli belgede de bir yerde \u201cT\u00fcrkill\u00fc\u201d (dizgi hatas\u0131 m\u0131 ?), bir ba\u015fka yerde \u201cT\u00fcrkilli\u201d olarak ge\u00e7iyor, k\u00f6y\u00fcn ad\u0131. O zaman, \u201cAlevili\u011fi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in O\u011fuz ad\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek T\u00fcrkelli yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131r,\u201d sav\u0131 da havada kal\u0131yor.
O\u011fuz, hem Osmanl\u0131 belgelerine g\u00f6re hem de yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fe kadar halk aras\u0131nda bir grup k\u00f6ye verilen ortak isim oldu. \u201cA\u011fasar Vadisi: \u015ealpazar\u0131 – Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n ekler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bulunan 1850 tarihli \u201c\u00f6\u015f\u00fcr listesi\u201d incelendi\u011finde ; Karye – i O\u011fuz ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131na say\u0131lan s\u00fclale isimlerinin bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkelli, Resull\u00fc, Dolanl\u0131 ve \u00c7ak\u0131rl\u0131\u2019 y\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. O tarihte ve daha sonra tek bir k\u00f6y olan bu yerler 1928 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkelli, Resull\u00fc ve Aruz adl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00f6ye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc.
K\u00f6ylerin birine O\u011fuz isminin verilememesini bu b\u00f6l\u00fcnme i\u015flemine ba\u011flamak daha do\u011frudur diyorum. O\u011fuz\u2019 luluk, birden fazla k\u00f6y halk\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren ortak bir kimli\u011fin ad\u0131yd\u0131, bir k\u00f6ye verilemezdi. \u00dc\u00e7y\u00fcz y\u0131ldan daha uzun s\u00fcredir kullan\u0131lan ad\u0131 verildi T\u00fcrkelli oldu. 1971 y\u0131l\u0131nda Aruz k\u00f6y\u00fc de Dolanl\u0131 ve \u00c7ak\u0131rl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere iki ayr\u0131 k\u00f6y haline getirilince 4 tane oldu O\u011fuz k\u00f6yleri. O\u011fuz dendi\u011finde T\u00fcrkelli, Resull\u00fc, Aruz k\u00f6yleri gelir akla \u00f6teden beri. Aruz iki ayr\u0131 muhtarl\u0131\u011fa b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fckten sonra T\u00fcrkelli, Resull\u00fc, Dolanl\u0131, \u00c7ak\u0131rl\u0131 k\u00f6yleri geliyor. Daha do\u011frusu gelirdi de \u015fimdi biraz gelemiyor sanki.
Art\u0131k tarih olan O\u011fuz belde belediyesinin ilk ve son belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan \u015eakir Yenig\u00fcn\u2019 \u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatay\u0131m size de, sonras\u0131na siz karar verin isterseniz. Ba\u015f kald\u0131rmad\u0131, isyan da etmedi devlete, usul\u00fc dairesinde yazd\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkente, bir de d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc arkas\u0131na yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n. Ald\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 geriye, \u201cO\u011fuz\u201d oldu bir kere daha beldenin ad\u0131, devletin kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re. Ba\u015fka bir \u015fey daha oldu bu arada. Devletin kay\u0131tlar\u0131 \u201cO\u011fuz\u201d ad\u0131ndan soyundurdu, Resull\u00fc\u2019 y\u00fc, Dolanl\u0131\u2019 y\u0131. ve \u00c7ak\u0131rl\u0131\u2019 y\u0131. Devlet bu, sual mi olur hacetinden. \u0130stedi\u011fi ad\u0131 verir, istemedi\u011fi ad\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131r.
Laf aram\u0131zda, asl\u0131nda bir \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck O\u011fuz Projesi\u201d vard\u0131 ba\u015fkan\u0131n akl\u0131nda. \u0130sim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi bu projenin ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biriydi ger\u00e7ekte ve at\u0131ld\u0131 bu ad\u0131m. Trabzon\u2019 u b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehir yapan kanun bilemedi, bilemezdi bizim ba\u015fkan\u0131n hayallerini. Belde belediyesi gitti ama \u201cO\u011fuz\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131n tapusu kald\u0131 T\u00fcrkelli\u2019 ye. Art\u0131k bir mahalle olsa da. Devlet bu, istedi\u011fine verir tapuyu, istemedi\u011finin tapusunu da h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz k\u0131lar. O kadar.
Hep b\u00f6yle olmad\u0131 m\u0131?
B\u00f6yle olmad\u0131 m\u0131 \u015earl\u0131 ad\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken.
\u015e\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc, Vikipedi sayfas\u0131nda;
\u201c\u0130l\u00e7emizin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131n\u0131n verili\u015fiyle ilgili anlat\u0131lanlardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u015fudur: 1930\u2019 lu y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda il\u00e7emize gelen b\u00f6lge Valisi Tahsin Uzer, Be\u015fikda\u011f\u0131 isminden esinlenerek buraya Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir,\u201d
\u0130ki bilgi yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131 var bu k\u0131sac\u0131k yaz\u0131da. Bir kere Hasan Tahsin Uzer, b\u00f6lge valisi veya genel vali de\u011fil, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ordu m\u00fcfetti\u015fi. G\u00f6rev kapsam\u0131 b\u00f6lge valili\u011fini, genel valili\u011fi i\u00e7eriyor olsa da o g\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fcnvan\u0131 bu. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ordu m\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fundan kalan bir \u00fcnvan. Yak\u0131n tarihimizle biraz ilgili olanlar\u0131m\u0131z Mustafa Kemal\u2019 in Anadolu\u2019 ya g\u00f6nderilirken, 1919 y\u0131l\u0131 Nisan ay\u0131ndaki \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131n Dokuzuncu ordu m\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi oldu\u011funu, \u201cMondros M\u00fctarekesi\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uyularak Dokuzuncu ordu la\u011fvedildi\u011finden, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n Haziran ay\u0131nda da \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ordu m\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fini bileceklerdir.
\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ordu m\u00fcfetti\u015fi, t\u00fcm m\u00fclki ve idari amirlerin \u00fczerinde yetkilerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yetki ve sorumluluk b\u00f6lgesine Trabzon, Rize, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane ve Erzurum gibi iller giriyordu. Ayr\u0131ca Hasan Tahsin Uzer, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u00e7e\u015fitli illerde valilik g\u00f6revlerinde bulunmu\u015ftu. T\u00fcm bu nedenlerle \u201cgenel vali\u201d veya \u201cb\u00f6lge valisi\u201d halk\u0131n bir yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 olmal\u0131\u2026
Oldum olas\u0131 b\u00f6yle olmad\u0131 m\u0131 devletimizin refleksleri. Ne zaman \u00fclkenin bir yerinde sorun \u00e7\u0131ksa, devlet ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6revliler atayarak sorunlar\u0131 alt edece\u011fini varsaymad\u0131 m\u0131 hep. Ba\u015farabildi mi?
\u0130sterseniz bu soruyu siz de kendinize bir kez sorun.
\u015earl\u0131 isminin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ile ilgili bilgilerim s\u00fcrekli tekrarlanan ve herkesin do\u011fru kabul etti\u011fi bilgilerden farkl\u0131. Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc ad\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ordu m\u00fcfetti\u015fi Hasan Tahsin Uzer\u2019 e Be\u015fikda\u011f\u0131\u2019 ndan gelen esinle bir ilgisi yok. Ona gelen bir esin yok \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. Be\u015fikda\u011f\u0131\u2019 ndan esinlenen bir ba\u015fkas\u0131.
Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc\u2019 n\u00fcn isim babas\u0131, merhum Raif Karadeniz\u2019 dir.
Nereden mi biliyorum?
Birincisi; Eski h\u00fck\u00fcmet binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcndeki parkta, zaman zaman kendisinin kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan sohbet toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n birinde, Raif Karadeniz\u2019 in bir soruya verdi\u011fi cevapla kendi a\u011fz\u0131ndan duymu\u015flu\u011fum var. Benimle birlikte bu konu\u015fmaya tan\u0131k olan insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu ya\u015f\u0131yor dersem belki hata yapar\u0131m, ancak epeyce ya\u015fayan var, onlar da hat\u0131rlayacaklard\u0131r s\u00f6ylediklerini.
Arkada\u015f sohbetlerinde anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu konu\u015fmay\u0131 kamuoyu ile payla\u015famad\u0131m. B\u00f6yle bir f\u0131rsat olmad\u0131 belki, bu yazma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 hem o f\u0131rsat\u0131 yaratt\u0131, hem de yeni bilgilere ula\u015fmam\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Ba\u015fka kan\u0131tlarla desteklenmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece, bir sohbet toplant\u0131s\u0131 ile ilgili anlatt\u0131klar\u0131m iddia olman\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7emezdi. Beni destekleyen en \u00f6nemli kan\u0131t\u0131 *\u015eadan Karadeniz\u2019 in babas\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131nda, yine Raif Karadeniz\u2019 in anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 an\u0131lar\u0131nda bulmasayd\u0131m;
\u201cO zamanlar kaza de\u011fil, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir nahiye, bir bucakt\u0131 Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc. Dahas\u0131 ad\u0131 Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc de\u011fil, \u015earl\u0131\u2019 yd\u0131; Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda da \u00f6yleydi. Sonra Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019 deki, Pontus\u2019 tan kalma t\u00fcm Rumca yer adlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilip yerlerine T\u00fcrk\u00e7e adlar konmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015earl\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n ad\u0131 da Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc olmu\u015ftu. Bu ad\u0131 y\u0131llar sonra babam \u00f6nermi\u015fti\u2026 \u0130\u015fin ironik yan\u0131, asl\u0131nda \u015earl\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n Rumca de\u011fil, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Y\u0131llarca sonra, bu ad\u0131n Yunanca olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u201c\u015far\u201d \u0131n, \u201c\u015fehir\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir de\u011fi\u015fkesi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecektim kendi kendime,\u2026\u201d
Ayr\u0131ca, Raif Karadeniz\u2019 in ve Hasan Tahsin Uzer\u2019 in devlet ayg\u0131t\u0131nda o g\u00fcn sahip olduklar\u0131 konumlar\u0131na, Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc ile olan ilgilerine, bir de esin perisinin geldi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen da\u011fla olan tan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, o da\u011f\u0131n ad\u0131ndan kimin esinlenebilece\u011fi, ismi verenin kim oldu\u011fu daha kolay anla\u015f\u0131labilir.
*Bir D\u00f6nem Bir Ya\u015fam: Raif Karadeniz\u2019 in Ya\u015fam\u0131, \u015eadan Karadeniz, Serander Yay\u0131nlar\u0131
\u0130sim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin Hasan Tahsin Uzer taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek daha do\u011fru olur belki. Halk\u0131n bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe tepki g\u00f6stermesini engellemek i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir yo izlenmi\u015f olabilir. K\u00fcbik binan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde, isim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00f6reni izleyenlerin anlatt\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re, halk bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik iste\u011fine en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir tepki, bir ho\u015fnutsuzluk belirtisi g\u00f6stermemi\u015f. O g\u00fcnk\u00fc ko\u015fullar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6stermesi de beklenemezdi. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ordu m\u00fcfetti\u015finden gelen iste\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak kimin haddine?
\u201cHamidiye z\u0131rhl\u0131s\u0131 daha on y\u0131l \u00f6nce bombalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 Of\u2019 u,\u201d demi\u015fti o t\u00f6rende bulunanlardan biri. Bu s\u00f6zleriyle, halka baz\u0131 \u015feylerin sava\u015f y\u00f6ntemleriyle kabul ettirilmek istendi\u011fini ima ediyordu, biraz da sitemle. Halk\u0131n, bu isim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine neden kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yordu, di\u011fer yandan. Anlat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n akl\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f kalm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131. Hamidiye z\u0131rhl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015eapka \u0130ktisas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019 na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle top ate\u015fine tuttu\u011fu yer Of de\u011fil Rize\u2019 ydi. Bizim konumuz o de\u011fil
Gelelim \u015earl\u0131 ismi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan cevaps\u0131z kalan sorulara;
\u015earl\u0131 ismi hangi gerek\u00e7elerle de\u011fi\u015ftirildi?
E\u011fer, \u015earl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi zorunlu bir isimse, Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc\u2019 n\u00fcn hemen s\u0131rt k\u0131sm\u0131nda Nefsi\u015farl\u0131 ismi neden hala duruyor?
Bu isim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, zaman\u0131n \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir karar\u0131na m\u0131 dayan\u0131yor,yani bir genel politika uygulamas\u0131 m\u0131, yoksa yerel y\u00f6netici ve politikac\u0131lar\u0131n bir tasarrufu mu?
Devlet, benim \u00e7ocu\u011fuma verdi\u011fim ismi de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir mi, de\u011fi\u015ftirebilmeli mi?
Hay\u0131r, diyorsan\u0131z; K\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fcn, mezram\u0131n, ilimin, il\u00e7emin ismini ne hakla de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor?
Yaz\u0131m\u0131n arkas\u0131nda Van Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Sinan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7\u2019 \u0131n \u201c\u015ear ve \u015earl\u0131\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri \u00fczerine bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z. \u0130sterseniz a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki soruyu bu yaz\u0131y\u0131 okuduktan sonra cevapland\u0131r\u0131n.
Sizce bu isim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi do\u011fru olmu\u015f mu?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ne istemi\u015flerdi \u015earl\u0131\u2019 dan?\/Em.\u00d6\u011frt. Atilla Korkmaz<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2376,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[193,97,163],"tags":[267],"hf_cat_post":[],"class_list":["post-2790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-19-atilla-korkmaz","category-dilimiz","category-egitim","tag-sarli"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2790","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2790"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2790\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2791,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2790\/revisions\/2791"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2790"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2790"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2790"},{"taxonomy":"hf_cat_post","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hf_cat_post?post=2790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}