Eynesil \/ Sinan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan bir il\u00e7e: Eynesil\u2026 Buradan denize akan O\u011fuz deresini yukar\u0131 do\u011fru izlerseniz, \u00f6nce O\u011fuz ellerine, oradan da 2182 m y\u00fckseklikteki Sis Da\u011f\u0131\u2019na kadar \u00e7\u0131kars\u0131n\u0131z. Buradan d\u00fcmd\u00fcz devam edenler K\u00fcrt\u00fcn vadisine inerler. Kolay bir co\u011frafya olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin. Ama biz \u015fimdi Eynesil\u2019in arkeolojisinden s\u00f6z edelim.
H. \u0130brahim T\u00fcrky\u0131lmaz\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa (D\u00fcnden Yar\u0131na T\u00fcm Y\u00f6nleriyle Eynesil, \u0130stanbul 1995), il\u00e7enin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi Hititler\u2019e kadar dayan\u0131yor. Bu bilginin dayanaklar\u0131ndan biri F. K\u0131rz\u0131o\u011flu\u2019nun 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda, 7. T\u00fcrk Tarih Kongresi\u2019nde verdi\u011fi bildiridir. Bu bildiride, Homeros\u2019un s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi Alizon ad\u0131, ses benzerli\u011fine bakarak bug\u00fcn bildi\u011fimiz Laz ad\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Oysa Marmara Denizi\u2019nin g\u00fcneyindeki Karacabey il\u00e7esi \u00e7evresinde Alazonia adl\u0131 bir yer var. Ancak Homeros, bu halk\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkeye Alybe diyordu. Bu ad Homeros\u2019dan sonraki kaynaklarda ge\u00e7en ve Samsun\u2019un do\u011fusunda yer alanKhalyb \u00fclkesinin ad\u0131yla \u00e7ok benziyor. Yine de bu konu hen\u00fcz epeyce kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k (S\u0131rt\u00e7antam 7, s. 66-67).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eynesil tarihinin Hititlere dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir nedeni de, Hitit kaynaklar\u0131nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Azzi \u00fclkesinin Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesi olmas\u0131. Hititler Azzi ve Hava\u015fa \u00fczerinden Anadolu\u2019ya gelen ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131nda tutmak ve en \u00f6nemlisi bu \u00fclkelerin madenlerine sahip olmak i\u00e7in ellerinden geleni yapm\u0131\u015flar ve burada \u00e7\u0131kan ayaklanmalarla u\u011fra\u015fmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flar. Yine de Hititler\u2019in Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki etkileri hen\u00fcz tam anlam\u0131yla saptanabilmi\u015f de\u011fildir (S\u0131rt\u00e7antam 20, s.10).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Arkeoloji, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelen sorular i\u00e7in veri bulmak ve kesinle\u015fmi\u015f verilere g\u00f6re yan\u0131t aramak zorundad\u0131r. Do\u011fu Karadeniz arkeolojisi ile ilgili bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bilgiler, arkeolojik d\u00f6nemlerde Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019in Kafkasya k\u00f6kenli Kolkhis ve Koban k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin etkisi alt\u0131nda bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu nedenle Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de, herhalde co\u011frafi nedenlerle Anadolu\u2019dan ayr\u0131 bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel s\u00fcre\u00e7 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu k\u0131y\u0131lara Urartular\u0131n ya da Asurlular\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131p ula\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131, ya da buralar\u0131 egemenlikleri alt\u0131na al\u0131p almad\u0131klar\u0131 konusu halen tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak \u0130.\u00d6. 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019in Kimmer ve \u0130skit g\u00f6\u00e7erlerinin kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, bu y\u00fczden Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan Helen kolonilerinin bu b\u00f6lgede tutunmakta zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130.\u00d6. 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Pers kral\u0131 Kserkses\u2019in Yunanistan\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kan ordusunda Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de ya\u015fayan Tibaren ve Mosynek gibi halklar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bir ordunun da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesindir. Pers egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgede ancak \u0130.\u00d6. 91 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir krall\u0131k kurulabilmi\u015f, ancak bu krall\u0131k \u0130.\u00d6. 63 y\u0131l\u0131nda Romal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eynesil\u2019de bildi\u011fimiz tek arkeolojik kal\u0131nt\u0131, bug\u00fcn Kale Burnu diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan yerdeki kale kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Burada hen\u00fcz arkeolojik bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, kalenin bir Helen kolonisi olarak kuruldu\u011fu bilgisi hen\u00fcz bir savdan ibarettir. Kale duvarlar\u0131 \u201cKaradeniz Sahil Yolu\u201d yap\u0131l\u0131rken iyi k\u00f6t\u00fc onar\u0131m g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Buras\u0131 eski kaynaklarda Koralla Burnu diye ge\u00e7er, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kale ve \u00e7evresindeki yerle\u015fme bu adla an\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ad\u0131n mercan ya da k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renk anlam\u0131na gelen \u201ckoral\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekten Kale Burnu ve arkas\u0131ndaki tepelerin toprak \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc zengin demir oksit nedeniyle k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renklidir. G\u00f6rele ad\u0131n\u0131n buradan geldi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130lk\u00e7a\u011fda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc G\u00f6rele il\u00e7esinin oldu\u011fu yerde Philokaleia adl\u0131 bir yerle\u015fme oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, bu ad\u0131n Eynesil\u2019den G\u00f6rele\u2019ye hangi tarihsel olaylar nedeniyle ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frusu merak konusudur. Osmanl\u0131 devrinde bir d\u00f6nem Koralla\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131 Yavebolu diye ge\u00e7iyor. Bu da herhalde burnun Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc taraf\u0131ndaki Yobul k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131nda halen ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130sa\u2019dan \u00f6nceye ait bilgiler Anadolu\u2019nun Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc do\u011fal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ko\u015fullar\u0131 oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. \u0130sa\u2019dan sonraki y\u0131llarda ise durum biraz de\u011fi\u015fiyor. B\u00f6lgedeki Roma egemenli\u011fi \u0130.S. 395 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul eden Konstantin\u2019in Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda devam etmi\u015ftir. Bu imparatorluk i\u00e7inde geli\u015fme f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulan Ortodoks k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de 1204 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Trabzon Rum Devleti\u2019nde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 1000 y\u0131ldan uzun bir s\u00fcre ayakta duran bu dengeler, b\u00f6lge 1461 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na girince alt \u00fcst olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00f6lgeye \u00e7oktan yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu boylardan en \u00f6nemlisi O\u011fuz T\u00fcrklerinin bir kolu olan \u00c7epni boyudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A. \u00c7elik\u2019in yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de ya\u015fayan \u00c7epniler \u00fczerine \u015funlar kaydedilmektedir (\u00c7epni K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Trabzon 1999, s. 1): \u201c\u00c7epnilerin b\u00f6lgemizde en yo\u011fun bulunduklar\u0131 yer ise, Trabzon\u2019un bat\u0131s\u0131nda Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc\u2019nden ba\u015flayarak, Vakf\u0131kebir ile Eynesil aras\u0131ndan Akhisar deresi boyunca g\u00fcneye do\u011fru uzanan ve y\u00f6rede \u2018A\u011fasar\u2019 ad\u0131yla tan\u0131nan b\u00f6lgedir. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re buras\u0131 en az alt\u0131-yedi y\u00fcz y\u0131ldan beri \u00c7epnilerin yurdudur.\u201d Buna g\u00f6re Eynesil, bug\u00fcn Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019deki \u00c7epni n\u00fcfusunun yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgenin bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00c7epnilerin 13. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Samsun y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ilerleyerek b\u00f6lgenin demografik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdikleri bilinmektedir. Ancak Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019yla birlikte Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019e yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flayan O\u011fuz n\u00fcfusunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da unutmamak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019deki yer adlar\u0131n\u0131n, b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan eski uygarl\u0131klarla ilgili ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ektir. Asl\u0131nda bir hukuk\u00e7u olan ve Eski Anadolu dillerine olan merak\u0131yla \u00fcnlenen Bilge Umar\u2019a g\u00f6re Eynesil ad\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131 Hagios Basileos\u2019dur, yani Ermi\u015f Vasil. Ermi\u015f Vasil 330-379 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Anadolu piskoposlar\u0131ndan biridir. Kapadokya ve Pontus\u2019daki kiliseler onun piskoposlu\u011fuk s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde fakirlerin ve hastalar\u0131n koruyucu azizi ilan edilen Ermi\u015f Vasil\u2019in ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan birer kilise, Mudanya\u2019n\u0131n Tirilye beldesiyle Kapadokya\u2019da halen ayakta durmaktad\u0131r. Herhalde Eynesil\u2019de de onun ad\u0131na bir ibadethane bulunmakta idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hagios Basileos, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Rumca s\u00f6yleni\u015fine uygun olarak Aya-Vasil haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u015eimdi ise Eynesil diyorlar. T\u00fcrklerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Ey-Nesil ad\u0131n\u0131n eski \u00e7a\u011flardan bu yana burada ya\u015fayan nesillere seslenir gibi s\u00f6ylenmesi ne ilgin\u00e7tir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Eynesil \/ Sinan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[225,205],"tags":[222],"hf_cat_post":[],"class_list":["post-2309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-23-sinan-kilic","category-tarihsel-gelisim","tag-eynesil"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2309"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2310,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2309\/revisions\/2310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2309"},{"taxonomy":"hf_cat_post","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hf_cat_post?post=2309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}