{"id":2297,"date":"2015-02-26T19:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-02-26T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/?p=2297"},"modified":"2025-12-06T13:00:47","modified_gmt":"2025-12-06T10:00:47","slug":"koy-enstitusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/2015\/02\/26\/koy-enstitusu\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>G\u00f6k Maviydi O Tarlalar \/ <strong>Em.\u00d6\u011frt<\/strong><\/strong>. <strong>Atilla Korkmaz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00f6k maviydi o tarlalar, benzemezlerdi di\u011ferlerine. \u00d6yle ki; pulluk, karasaban i\u015flemezdi, kaz\u0131lamaz, bellenemezlerdi, g\u00fcbre ve sulama da istemezlerdi \u00fcstelik. Ne tah\u0131l verirlerdi ne sebze, ne bostan verirlerdi ne de yemi\u015f&#8230; Hasat\u0131, harman\u0131 da bir ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc olurdu o tarlalar\u0131n.<br>O g\u00f6k mavi tarlalar\u0131n az \u00fczerinde, uzun dar bir \u015ferit gibi uzanan d\u00fcz, yer yer kumluk alan, batakl\u0131klar, g\u00f6ller ve g\u00f6lc\u00fcklerle doluydu. Dikenden ba\u015fka bir bitki hayat bulamazd\u0131 kendine kumluklarda. Ayr\u0131ca, sivrisinekler \u00fcrerdi o batakl\u0131klar, g\u00f6ller ve g\u00f6lc\u00fcklerde. \u00d6yle \u00e7ok \u00fcrerlerdi ki! \u00d6ylesine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla, h\u0131n\u00e7la \u00fcrerlerdi ki; kara bir bulutun ge\u00e7i\u015fi gibi olurdu, sivrisinek k\u00fcmelerinin oradan oraya u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131.<br>Her bir sivrisine\u011fin incecik hortumunda binlerce Plasmodium Malaria; onlarca y\u00fczlercesini b\u0131rak\u0131rlard\u0131, hortumlar\u0131yla deldikleri ince damarlarda h\u0131zla ilerleyen kanlar\u0131n i\u00e7ine. Sonras\u0131; terleme, ate\u015f, \u00fc\u015f\u00fcme n\u00f6betleri, daha da sonras\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00f6l\u00fcm.<br>Malaria, s\u0131tma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Malaria, insan g\u00f6vdesinin cehennem ate\u015fleri i\u00e7inde yan\u0131p kavrulmas\u0131yd\u0131. Malaria, g\u00fcnlerce s\u00fcren dayan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zor \u0131zd\u0131raplar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, \u00e7ocuk, gen\u00e7, ya\u015fl\u0131 ay\u0131rmaks\u0131z\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7alan \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn di\u011fer ad\u0131yd\u0131.<br>O g\u00f6k mavi tarlalar\u0131n yukar\u0131lar\u0131nda, tepelerde, da\u011flarda, k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015famaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insanlar\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131yd\u0131 bu. S\u0131ska-\u00e7elimsiz g\u00f6vdeli, avurtlar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015f, mutsuz, umutsuz insanlar\u0131n&#8230; Yoksul, paras\u0131z-pulsuz, okuma-yazmas\u0131z insanlar\u0131n&#8230; Kaderlerine teslim olmu\u015f, k\u00f6t\u00fc kaderli insanlar\u0131n. \u0130nekleri bile \u201cancak iri bir ke\u00e7i b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde&#8230;\u201d olan, o insanlar\u0131n.<br>Acaba, bu \u201ck\u00f6r olas\u0131\u201d k\u00f6t\u00fc kader bir g\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fir miydi? Bir g\u00fcn biter miydi yokluk ve yoksulluk, doyar m\u0131yd\u0131 kar\u0131nlar\u0131 insan gibi. Yokluk, yoksulluk ve a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa katlan\u0131l\u0131yordu da, \u015fu s\u0131tma ile gelen \u00f6l\u00fcmler yok mu? K\u0131r\u0131yordu bellerini. Acaba s\u0131tma ile gelen o vakitli-vakitsiz \u00f6l\u00fcmler, bir g\u00fcn yakalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"644\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/koy-enstituleri-4-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2304\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/koy-enstituleri-4-1.jpg 644w, https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/koy-enstituleri-4-1-300x210.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 644px) 100vw, 644px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Bir g\u00fcn Tongu\u00e7 baba: \u201cUrrem oca! senin tarlan Karadeniz \u2018dir\u201d dedi, \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa giri\u015feceksin\u201d dedi, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u201cb\u201dsinden habersiz H\u00fcrrem Arman\u2019a.<br>Ad\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6yledi\u011fi o tarlada, tar\u0131m alet ve makineleri kullan\u0131lamazd\u0131, onlar\u0131n yerine g\u0131rg\u0131r, motor, molozlama&#8230; gibi boy boy tekneler, tekneleri k\u0131y\u0131ya \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in bucurgatlar, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc tarladan s\u00f6k\u00fcp almak i\u00e7in \u0131\u011fr\u0131p, barabat, manyat, difana gibi a\u011flar kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<br>O g\u00f6k mavi tarlalar da, Yeros ile Vona burunlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda serilen a\u011flara \u00e7inakop, barbun, sargana, hamsi, palamut, istavrit, karag\u00f6z, mezgit, mavro\u015fkil, levrek, k\u00f6tek, kalkan, tirsi&#8230; bal\u0131klar\u0131 sunarlard\u0131.<br>Ancak o, habersizdi bunlardan i\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131nda. H\u00fcrrem Arman, bu isimlerin pek \u00e7o\u011funu duymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 bile. \u00d6yle de olsa, bir yerden ba\u015flamal\u0131yd\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fc. Ba\u015flad\u0131 da.<br>Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcyd\u00fc ba\u015flayan.<br>\u00d6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer, \u201cPiramidin Taban\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n ilk cildinde, Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde, pek \u00e7ok kez \u201cK\u00fcbik bina\u201d ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan yerdi. \u015eimdi art\u0131k an\u0131larda ve foto\u011fraflarda kalan bina, enstit\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk \u00f6\u011frencilerinin dersli\u011fi, yatakhanesi ve yemekhanesi oldu. Sonraki y\u0131llarda da bir \u00e7ok e\u011fitim kurumunun bar\u0131na\u011f\u0131.<br>K\u00fcbik bina, H\u00fcrrem Arman\u2019\u0131n \u201ca\u00e7\u0131ktan ge\u00e7en gemiler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fcns\u00fcn diye, deniz taraf\u0131na devasa bir merdiven yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u201d diye anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131, sonradan y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131lan merdivenin alt cephedeki izi bina t\u00fcm\u00fcyle y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar \u00f6ylece kald\u0131.<br>K\u00fcbik binada i\u015fe ba\u015flay\u0131p, o g\u00f6k mavi tarlalardan \u00fcr\u00fcn dev\u015firen yeni yetme ren\u00e7berler, y\u00f6re ve \u00fclke insan\u0131n\u0131n yoklu\u011funu, yoksullu\u011funu, a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve cehaletini ortadan kald\u0131rmak \u00fczere yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndayd\u0131lar. O kadar fark\u0131ndayd\u0131lar ki; kendi ya\u015fama ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortamlar\u0131n\u0131n yokluk ve olanaks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 dert etmeden, inan\u00e7 ve kararl\u0131l\u0131kla s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerini.<br>\u00d6yk\u00fc anlat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131ndan d\u00f6rt y\u0131l arayla al\u0131nan iki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kesit, her \u015feyi a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor asl\u0131nda, ba\u015fkaca bir s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylenmese de.<br>(1940 y\u0131l\u0131 ortalar\u0131) \u201cBal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k yok denecek kadar azd\u0131. Bomba ile avlan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu y\u00fczden elleri, kollar\u0131 kopmu\u015f insanlar g\u00f6steriyorlard\u0131. Her g\u00fcn, koma halindeki zehirli s\u0131tmal\u0131lar, hen\u00fcz tekerlekli arac\u0131n girmedi\u011fi k\u00f6ylerden, sallarla il\u00e7eye ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yordu. Vakf\u0131kebir\u2019de tek h\u00fck\u00fcmet doktorundan ba\u015fka doktor yoktu.<br>Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc ve dolaylar\u0131 batakl\u0131klarla, durgun sularla dolu idi. Rutubetli, s\u0131cak yaz aylar\u0131nda daha da \u00e7o\u011falan sinekten kurtulmak i\u00e7in, k\u0131y\u0131da ya\u015fayan halk, inekleriyle uzak yaylalara g\u00f6\u00e7 ediyordu. Yap\u0131lacak ilk i\u015f yak\u0131n \u00e7evredeki batakl\u0131klar\u0131, durgun sular\u0131 yok etmek olmal\u0131yd\u0131.\u201d<br>(D\u00f6rt y\u0131l sonra) \u201c\u00d6\u011fretmen evleri h\u0131zla y\u00fckseliyordu. H\u0131zar makinalar\u0131, dokuma ve di\u011fer i\u015flikler, sebze bah\u00e7elerimiz durmadan \u00fcretim yap\u0131yordu. Hamsi av\u0131 ve di\u011fer bal\u0131klar\u0131n avlanmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcyor y\u00fck motorumuz d\u00fczenli seferler yap\u0131yor, hem kar ediyor hem de Enstit\u00fcn\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6devler g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. 200 hektar batakl\u0131k alan kurutulmu\u015ftu ve s\u0131tma sava\u015f\u0131 en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck su birikintilerini de yok etme, mazotlama yollar\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmekteydi. Enstit\u00fc doktoru, sa\u011fl\u0131k memurumuz ve hem\u015firemiz b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7evrede enstit\u00fcm\u00fcze bolca g\u00f6nderilen devlet kinini (kinin: s\u0131tma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131lan ila\u00e7) da\u011f\u0131t\u0131yor, i\u011fneler yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Kinin de karaborsaya ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Yak\u0131n \u00e7evremizde zehirli s\u0131tma g\u00f6r\u00fclmez olmu\u015ftu. Doktor Re\u015fat Zalo\u011flu sa\u011fl\u0131k memurumuzla beraber at s\u0131rt\u0131nda k\u00f6yleri dola\u015f\u0131yor, her yere yeti\u015fmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<br>1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda 500 ton hamsi, 60.000 \u00e7ift palamut, 45 ton di\u011fer bal\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ile rekor bir d\u00fczeye ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Karadeniz, Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekten bir tarlas\u0131 haline gelmi\u015fti.\u201d( *)<br>Deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na bir k\u00f6y enstit\u00fcs\u00fc kurma projesi hayata ge\u00e7irilirken, Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 aday yer daha vard\u0131. Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc, b\u00f6yle bir kurulu\u015f i\u00e7in belki de en elveri\u015fsiz yerdi. Enstit\u00fcn\u00fcn, ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm olumsuzluklara kar\u015f\u0131n burada kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n, bir s\u00fcr\u00fc nedeni var. Onlar\u0131 konu\u015fmak gerekmez, ancak \u015fu soru sorulabilir; deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na bir k\u00f6y enstit\u00fcs\u00fc kuruldu, sonra ne oldu?<br>\u00d6ncelikle, sivrisinekler i\u00e7in bar\u0131nma ve \u00fcreme alanlar\u0131 olu\u015fturan, batakl\u0131k ve su birikintilerinin kurutulmas\u0131, zehirli s\u0131tmayla yap\u0131lan sava\u015f sonucu, bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yok edilmesi, k\u0131sa zamanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Batakl\u0131klar\u0131 kurutmak i\u00e7in dikilen, \u00e7ok say\u0131daki Okalipt\u00fcs a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelebilenleri, o ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn sessiz, gizli kahramanlar\u0131 gibi g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Ayr\u0131ca \u201censtit\u00fc di\u011fer aday yerlerin birine kurulmu\u015f olsayd\u0131, o y\u00f6re insan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bu kadar derinden etkileyebilir miydi\u201d sorusunu da sordum hep.<br>Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn otuza yak\u0131n k\u00f6y\u00fcnden yirmi d\u00f6rt tanesinin ilkokullar\u0131 enstit\u00fc d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve bu okullara enstit\u00fc \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmenler atand\u0131. K\u00f6ylere giden bu \u00f6\u011fretmenler giyim-ku\u015famlar\u0131, g\u00fcndelik ya\u015famlar\u0131, al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131yla, her y\u00f6nden \u00f6rnek insanlar oldular ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6yle benimsendiler. Onlar yaln\u0131zca \u00f6\u011frencilere \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapmad\u0131lar; a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131 gece okuma-yazma kurslar\u0131nda yeti\u015fkin ve ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlara da \u00f6\u011fretmen oldular. Okullar\u0131n\u0131n ve evlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00f6rnek sebze ve meyve bah\u00e7eleriyle uygulamal\u0131 tar\u0131m \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi de yapt\u0131lar.<br>Okullar bir yandan okuma-yazma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirirken, di\u011fer yandan \u00e7evreleriyle de sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel y\u00f6nden etkile\u015fim halindeydiler. K\u00f6y ilkokullar\u0131 da dahil, d\u00fczenlenen y\u0131l i\u00e7i ve y\u0131l sonu m\u00fcsamereleri, sahneye konan piyes ve temsiller, her ya\u015ftan y\u00f6re insan\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Okul-\u00e7evre etkile\u015fiminin en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerini veren bu etkinlikler, \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcr yuvas\u0131\u201d nitelemesini hak eden bir Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc tablosu yarat\u0131yordu.<br>K\u00f6ylerdeki ev yerle\u015fimlerinin da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olu\u015funun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7e kapan\u0131k, mutaass\u0131p toplum yap\u0131s\u0131, giderek daha sosyal ve etkile\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131k yap\u0131ya do\u011fru evrildi. \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131ya-pazara gitmesi ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmayan, gitmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise pe\u00e7e ve \u00e7ar\u015fafa b\u00fcr\u00fcnen kad\u0131nlar, giderek bu giyinme bi\u00e7imini terk edip, ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yazma, \u00e7ember veya e\u015farpla ba\u011flad\u0131ktan sonra, omuzlar\u0131na bir atk\u0131 at\u0131p bellerine de bir pe\u015ftamal ba\u011flayarak Be\u015fikd\u00fcz\u00fc ve Vakf\u0131kebir\u2019e inmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<br>Enstit\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7eklerde \u00fcretime a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, o bereketli tarlalar ve o tarlalarda yap\u0131lanlar, sava\u015flar, yetersiz \u00fcretim ve bilgisizlik nedeniyle y\u0131llarca a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7eken, karn\u0131 hi\u00e7 bir zaman tam olarak doyamam\u0131\u015f insanlara, insanca kar\u0131n doyurman\u0131n yol ve y\u00f6ntemlerini de \u00f6\u011fretti.<br>Di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn tarlalar gibi \u00e7ok merhametli ve c\u00f6mert olan, o g\u00f6k mavi, o \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck tarlalar.<br>Atilla Korkmaz \u0130stanbul 26.02.2015 (*) H\u00fcrrem Arman, Piramidin Taban\u0131, 1.Cilt<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u00f6k Maviydi O Tarlalar \/ Em.\u00d6\u011frt. Atilla Korkmaz<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17526,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[193,163,96],"tags":[],"hf_cat_post":[],"class_list":["post-2297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-19-atilla-korkmaz","category-egitim","category-kultur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2297"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2297\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17527,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2297\/revisions\/17527"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2297"},{"taxonomy":"hf_cat_post","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hf_cat_post?post=2297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}