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<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u00c7epnilerin Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesinin T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesindeki Rolleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019 nin 1040 y\u0131l\u0131nda Horasan\u2019da kurulmas\u0131 ve daha sonra Sel\u00e7uklu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Alp Arslan\u2019 \u0131n 1071 y\u0131l\u0131nda Malazgirt sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131ndan sonra Anadolu kap\u0131lar\u0131 T\u00fcrklere a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bat\u0131ya do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrkler Anadolu\u2019da yurt edinmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yerle\u015ftikleri her yere T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ad veren bu T\u00fcrkmen boylar\u0131 en yo\u011fun olarak, Antalya-Denizli-Isparta B\u00f6lgesi (200.000 \u00e7ad\u0131r), K\u00fctahya-Eski\u015fehir B\u00f6lgesi (30.000 \u00e7ad\u0131r), Kastamonu B\u00f6lgesi (100.000 \u00e7ad\u0131r), \u0130\u00e7il B\u00f6lgesi, Malatya-Mara\u015f B\u00f6lgesi, Kuzey Suriye, Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu B\u00f6lgelerinde yurt tutmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bizim konumuz olan \u00c7epniler ise Sinop b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Tarihi kay\u0131tlardan Karadeniz \u00c7epnilerinin bu b\u00f6lgeye ne zaman geldiklerini tam olarak \u00f6\u011frenememekle birlikte XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bu b\u00f6lgeye hakim olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve Trabzon Rum Devleti h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Giorgi\u2019yi ma\u011flup edebilecek kadar da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olduklar\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mo\u011follar\u0131n Anadolu\u2019yu istilas\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bunal\u0131mdan istifade etmek isteyen Giorgi, Karadeniz ticareti i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan bir limana sahip olan Sinop\u2019u almak istemi\u015f ve bir donanma ile 1277\u2019de Sinop\u2019a sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015fsa da, kendisini gemilerle denizde kar\u015f\u0131layan (T\u00fcrk\u00e2n-\u0131 \u00c7epni) \u00c7epni T\u00fcrkleri taraf\u0131ndan ma\u011flup edilerek geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu olay\u0131 Ibn Bibi, El Evamir\u00fc\u2019l-Ala\u2019iye Fi\u2019l-Umuri\u2019I-Ala\u2019iye (Sel\u00e7uk N\u00e2me) adl\u0131 eserinde \u015f\u00f6yle anlatmaktad\u0131r: \u201cO s\u0131rada Sinop tutgavulu (muhaf\u0131z kuvvetleri komutan\u0131) Taybu\u011fa gelerek, \u201cCanik h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 (Caniti) asker ve cephane (zeredhane) dolu kad\u0131rgalarla Sinop\u2019a sald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in geldi. \u00c7epni T\u00fcrkleri ile o diyar\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f olan komutanlar (server) onlara kar\u015f\u0131 koyarak, onlar\u0131 ate\u015f ve su aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p canlar\u0131na ve evlerine darbe indirdiler. Her taraf\u0131 yerle bir ettiler. Onlar\u0131 kahrederek her \u015feyden mahrum, mahzun ve \u00fcmitsiz b\u0131rakt\u0131lar.\u201d dedi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00fczenli bir orduya kar\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131klar\u0131 bu zafer, \u00c7epnilerin o d\u00f6nemde hem kalabal\u0131k hem de te\u015fkilatl\u0131 bir topluluk olduklar\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu \u00e7epnilerin Sinop b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015ftikleriyle ilgili her hangi bir delil yoktur ama, bu d\u00f6nemle ilgili belgelerden T\u00fcrklerin s\u00fcrekli olarak do\u011fuya do\u011fru ilerledikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bryer\u2019in verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re, Trabzon Rum imparatoru II. Jean (Yuannis) zaman\u0131nda (1280-1297) T\u00fcrkler \u00dcnye (Halibia) y\u00f6resini fethetmi\u015flerdir. Bu T\u00fcrkler’ in Sinop \u00c7epnileri olmalar\u0131 kuvvetle muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trabzon Rum imparatorlu\u011funun saray tarih\u00e7isi Panaretos’a g\u00f6re imparator Giorgi (1260-1280) h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 14. y\u0131l\u0131nda yani 1280 y\u0131l\u0131nda Toresion da\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkmenler’ e tutsak d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Panaretos, II.Jean’\u0131n 1297 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, onun zaman\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerin Halibia (\u00dcnye y\u00f6resi) y\u00f6resini ellerine ge\u00e7irdiklerini s\u00f6yledikten sonra Trabzon dolaylar\u0131na kadar uzanan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir istil\u00e2 hareketlerinde bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 yazar. \u00d6yle ki \u00e7ok yerler gayr-i meskun bir duruma gelmi\u015ftir. Yukar\u0131da da s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi gibi, bu T\u00fcrkler veya onlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimalle \u00c7epniler ve ba\u015flar\u0131ndakiler de Bayram Bey ailesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130mparator II.Aleksios (1297 -1330) 1301 Eyl\u00fcl’ \u00fcnde Giresun’ a gelip oradaki T\u00fcrk T\u00fcrk beylerinden K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck A\u011fa(?)\u2019y\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgiye u\u011fratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine Panaretos da Bayram Bey’in bir pazar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bildiriliyor. Bu, Ordu vilayetini fetheden ve orada bir beylik kuran (Bayramlu beyli\u011fi) Bayram Bey’ e dair ilk haberdir. Bu esnada bat\u0131 ucundaki T\u00fcrkmenler de geni\u015f \u00e7apta fetihlere giri\u015fmi\u015flerdi. Bayram Bey 1332 y\u0131l\u0131nda da \u00e7ok say\u0131da asker ile Hamsi K\u00f6y’ e kadar gelmi\u015f ise de a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar vererek geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1355 y\u0131l\u0131nda Haldia d\u00fck\u00fc Kabasisika harekete ge\u00e7ip \u015eiran’\u0131 zaptetti\u011fi gibi, Suriyana kalesi de bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Trabzon imparatorlu\u011funun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bundan \u00e7ok memnunkalan imparator III.Aleksios elden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan \u015eiran’ a gelmi\u015f, tahribatta bulunmu\u015f ve oray\u0131 ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015f tutsak alm\u0131\u015f ise de d\u00f6nerken az say\u0131da bir T\u00fcrk’\u00fcn takip etmesi \u00fczerine imparatorun kuvvetleri panik halinde ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015flar, bir\u00e7ok kimse \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve Haldia D\u00fck\u00fc de tutsak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, imparator ve bu hadiseleri yazan m\u00fcverrih Panaretos g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle Trabzon’ a gelebilmi\u015flerdir.\u0130mparatoru ma\u011flup ve ka\u00e7maya mecbur eden T\u00fcrkler \u015f\u00fcphesiz \u00c7epnilerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ertesi y\u0131l (1356) imparator ve m\u00fcverrih Panaretos bat\u0131ya giderek noeli Giresun’da ge\u00e7irmi\u015fler ve Yasun Burnu’nda ”Epifani” kutlanm\u0131\u015f ve orada 18 T\u00fcrk \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra geriye d\u00f6n\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ertesi y\u0131l (1357) Bayram Be\u011f’in o\u011flu Hac\u0131 Emir Be\u011f kalabal\u0131k bir asker ile Ma\u00e7ka y\u00f6resine kadar gelerek oray\u0131 ya\u011fma ve talan ettikten sonra geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.Bu ilerleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00c7epnilerin Ordu b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015ftikleri ve Bayram Bey\u2019in idaresinde bir beylik kurduklar\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130mparator III. Aleksios, 1380\u2019de Tirebolu y\u00f6resine gelerek (Mart), Har\u015fit \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011f k\u0131y\u0131\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7ok yak\u0131n yerde ve denize 5 km mesafede bulunan Bedroma kalesinden 600 kadar yayay\u0131 uzak yerlere g\u00f6nderdikten sonra, yayan\u0131n kalabal\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131 ve atl\u0131 askerle Har\u015fit’ in yukar\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcp \u00c7epniler’ in k\u0131\u015fla\u011f\u0131na kadar gitmi\u015f ve onlar\u0131n \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131km\u0131\u015f, yakm\u0131\u015f \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve \u00c7epniler’ in elindeki tutsaklar\u0131 kurtard\u0131ktan sonra geri d\u00f6n\u00fcp, Vakf\u0131kebir’ deki B\u00fcy\u00fck Liman’ da birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6nderilen 600 kadar yaya askere gelince onlar, Kotzanta (K\u00fcrt\u00fcn y\u00f6resi, Suma Kalesi) y\u00f6resine bir ak\u0131n d\u00fczenleyip yak\u0131p y\u0131km\u0131\u015flar ve adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fte kendilerini kovalayan T\u00fcrklerle de k\u0131y\u0131ya var\u0131ncaya kadar d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fler ve bu y\u00fczden T\u00fcrkler’ den bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Onlardan 42 ki\u015fi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f T\u00fcrklerden ise erkek, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk olmak \u00fczere 100′ den fazla insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere imparator \u00c7epniler’e kar\u015f\u0131 bir \u00f6\u00e7 alma seferi d\u00fczenlemi\u015f ve onlar\u0131n elindeki baz\u0131 tutsaklar\u0131 kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00c7epniler muhtemelen XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kuzeye do\u011fru ilerleyerek K\u00fcrt\u00fcn y\u00f6resine ve ona kom\u015fu yerlere gelip oralar\u0131 k\u0131\u015flak yapm\u0131\u015flar, yaz\u0131n da kuzeydeki ye\u015fil da\u011flara \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Onlar ertesi y\u00fczy\u0131lda kuzey ve kuzey bat\u0131ya do\u011fru ilerlemelerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcreceklerdir. Ordu b\u00f6lgesini fethederek Bayraml\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019 ni kuran Bayram Beyin torunu ve Hac\u0131 Emir Bey\u2019in o\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Bey de 1397\u2019 lerde Giresun\u2019u fethetmi\u015ftir. XV. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda kuvvetli olan bu beyli\u011fin ne zaman ve nas\u0131l ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7epniler XIV .y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren bu y\u00f6reye gelip oray\u0131 yurt edinmi\u015flerdir. Bu yurtlar\u0131 kuzey Karadeniz\u2019e kadar ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7epniler, K\u00fcrt\u00fcn\u2019den hareket ederek Har\u015fit vadisi yolu ile Karadeniz\u2019e eri\u015fmi\u015fler ve bu vadinin iki yan\u0131ndaki topraklar\u0131 yurt edinmi\u015flerdir. Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesine yaylalardan, ge\u00e7itlerden ve Har\u015fit vadisinden inen T\u00fcrkmenlerin oldu\u011funu belirten Osman Turan da \u201c \u015eark\u00ee Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesine yaylalardan, ge\u00e7itlerden ve Har\u015fit vadisinden inen T\u00fcrkmenler mevcut olmakla beraber bu havali daha ziyade Samsun\u2019dan itibaren sahili takip eden O\u011fuz \u00c7epni boyu taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmi\u015f; Canik b\u00f6lgesine ad\u0131n\u0131 veren H\u0131ristiyan \u00c7an kavmi tedricen kaybolmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkmenler 1302\u2019 de Giresun\u2019 a kadar ilerlemi\u015f ve bir tak\u0131m k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck beylikler kurmu\u015flard\u0131r.\u201d demek suretiyle yukar\u0131daki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc payla\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Yukar\u0131 Kelkit vadisinde de kalabal\u0131k bir \u00c7epni k\u00fcmesinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00c7epnilerin, 1348 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erzincan hakimi Ahi Ayna Bey, Bayburt valisi Mehmed, Akkoyunlu Tur Ali Bey, Do\u011fu Suriye T\u00fcrkmen reislerinden Bozdo\u011fan Bey\u2019in Trabzon\u2019a d\u00fczenledikleri sefere kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u015fehri \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn ku\u015fatt\u0131ktan sonra alamayarak geri d\u00f6nd\u00fckleri g\u00f6r\u00fclm1404 y\u0131l\u0131nda Trabzon\u2019dan Erzincan\u2019a giden Ispanyol El\u00e7isi Ruy Gonzales de Clavijo (Klaviyo) Zegan (Z\u0131gana) kalesi ile buradan Erzincan T\u00fcrk Beyli\u011fi aras\u0131ndaki yerlerin \u201cKabasitan\u201dl\u0131 derebeyler elinde oldu\u011funu; \u201c\u00c7abanl\u0131\u201d (\u00c7epni) T\u00fcrkleri \u2019nin bunlarla sava\u015f\u0131p y\u0131ld\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yine Klaviyo\u2019nun \u201c Bu da\u011flar\u0131n ve kalelerin h\u00e2kimi olan Kabasika , bize, nas\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Kendisi bu \u00e7\u0131plak yerlerde \u00f6m\u00fcr s\u00fcrermi\u015f. Bu havali \u015fimdilik (Tem\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn korkusundan) s\u00fck\u00fbn i\u00e7inde ya\u015famakta ise de, daima (Bayburt-Ovas\u0131 bat\u0131s\u0131nda Sin\u00fcr k\u00f6y\u00fcnde ocaklar\u0131 bulunan Bay\u0131ndurlu\/ Akkoyunlu ve Kelkit ba\u015flar\u0131 ile K\u00fcrt\u00fcn b\u00f6lgesi kuzeyinde ve Alucra\u2019daki \u00c7epnil\u00fc) T\u00fcrklerin taarruzuna u\u011frarm\u0131\u015f.\u201d \u201c Ertesi (2 May\u0131s) g\u00fcn \u00f6\u011fleden sonra yine Kabasika\u2019ya ait bir kaleye vard\u0131k. Buradakiler de gelip bizden para ald\u0131lar(Zegana\u2019dan beri d\u00f6rt yerde). Yolumuza devam ettik. \u00d6\u011fleden sonra bir vadiye vard\u0131k. Orada \u00c7abanl\u0131 ( \u00c7epnil\u00fc ) T\u00fcrklerine ait bir kale (G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane ile Kelkit il\u00e7e merkezi aras\u0131nda ve tam orta yerde <<Ulu Kal\u2019a>> ) bulundu\u011funu anlad\u0131k. Kabasika ve bu T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda harp vaziyeti devam etti\u011finden, Kabasika\u2019n\u0131n adamlar\u0131 bize bir m\u00fcddet duraklamay\u0131 ihtar ederek ke\u015ffe \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u201d \u015feklindeki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi 1405 tarihinde \u00c7epni n\u00fcfuz b\u00f6lgesi G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane\u2019ye kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na do\u011fru ise \u00c7epnilerin kuzeye do\u011fru ilerleyerek Har\u015fit \u00e7ay\u0131 \u00e7evresinde yurt tuttuklar\u0131 k\u0131\u015flaklar\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131 Har\u015fit\u2019te kurmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor .
XV. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki Bizans m\u00fcverrihlerinden Halkokondil Trabzon\u2019un do\u011fusundan Amasra\u2019ya kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00c7epnilerin oturdu\u011funu bildiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fatih Sultan Mehmet taraf\u0131ndan 1461\u2019de Trabzon al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra G\u00f6rele, Tirebolu, Bedreme ve Giresun kaleleri de fethedilerek Canik yolu ile Tokat\u2019a ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda da do\u011fuda G\u00fcrcistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki kalelerle G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane-Trabzon aras\u0131ndaki Torul y\u00f6resi al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve Trabzon\u2019un fethi tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Trabzon\u2019u fetihleriyle b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme hareketinin h\u0131z kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhakkakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, Osmanl\u0131lardan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce K\u00fcrt\u00fcn-Dereli-Giresun- Tirebolu-Eynesil aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131rsal kesime hakim olan \u00c7epni beylerinin fetihte Osmanlara yard\u0131m ettikleri, elde edilen ba\u015far\u0131larda rol oynad\u0131klar\u0131, fetihten sonra Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin bunlar\u0131n hemen hepsine zeamet ve t\u0131mar gibi dirlikler vererek onlar\u0131 hizmetine almas\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00c7epni halk\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 m\u00fcsellem olarak hizmete al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, cami ve zaviyelerde g\u00f6revlendirilerek vergiden muaf olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Halk\u0131n geri kalan\u0131n\u0131n ekseriyeti de muafi\u00f1 (vergiden affolunmu\u015flar) say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yans\u0131nda tamamen yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7en \u00c7epniler k\u00f6ylerde oturmaktad\u0131rlar. Bu b\u00f6lgedeki k\u00f6yler aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir H\u0131ristiyan k\u00f6y\u00fc yoktur. H\u0131ristiyanlar k\u0131y\u0131lardaki Giresun, Tirebolu ve G\u00f6rele kalelerinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Bu y\u00fczy\u0131lda k\u00f6ylerde oturan \u00c7epnilerin dar\u0131 ektikleri, bal istihsal ettikleri, meyve yeti\u015ftirdikleri; k\u00f6ylerin \u00e7o\u011funda do\u011fan, \u015fahin, atmaca yuvalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, palazlanan yavrular\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle gelir elde edildi\u011fi ve bu gelirlerden devlete vergi \u00f6dendi\u011fi; ilk zamanlarda k\u00f6ylerde fazla koyun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak sonralar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok k\u00f6y\u00fcn koyun vergisi de \u00f6dedi\u011fi otuz y\u0131l kadar sonra bu\u011fday ekilme\u011fe ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilen bilgiler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
XV1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda baz\u0131 kaynaklarda \u00c7epniler hakk\u0131nda verilen malumat hi\u00e7 de i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Trabzonlu co\u011frafyac\u0131 Mehmet \u00c2\u015f\u0131k\u00ee \u201cMen\u00e2zir\u00fc\u2019l Av\u00e2lim\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde Lazlar ve \u00c7epniler hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini \u015f\u00f6yle belirtiyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cTrabzon\u2019un canib-i cen\u00fbb-i \u015farkisi cibal-i Laz\u2019d\u0131r. Cins-i Laz\u2019\u0131n M\u00fcslim ve K\u00e2firi, da\u011f canavarmdan bed-terdir. Hayif Trabzon gibi belde-i haseneye ki, kavm-i Laz\u2019a makard\u0131r. Ve bir garib dahi budur ki, Trabzon\u2019un canib-i \u015farki ve cen\u00fbbisi cibal-i Laz oldu\u011fu gibi, c\u00e2nib-i garbi-i cen\u00fbbisi cibal-i \u00c7epni\u2019dir ki Etrak\u2019dan kaba yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fc ahlakl\u0131 (Alevi), ve l\u00fbgatleri t\u00fcrki l\u00fbgatinin agrebidir. Ve suret-i ehl-i isl\u00e2mda bir alay R\u00e2f\u0131zi-i bidindir.Cehele-i av\u00e2m\u0131, \u015e\u00e2h-i Revaf\u0131z\u0131 (Safili K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f \u015e\u00e2hlar\u0131n\u0131), ha\u015fa, Ul\u00fbhiyyetden d\u00fbn mertebe \u00fczere itikaad etmez. Ve belde-i T\u0131rabuzon, bu ikitaraf-\u0131 mezbele aras\u0131nda cevher-i k\u0131ymet-var bir belde-i metini-i \u00fcst\u00fcvard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
F.K\u0131rz\u0131o\u011flu ayn\u0131 eserinde \u201cKoyu Alevi-K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f olan Trabzon \u00c7epnileri\u2019ne Ardanu\u00e7 ile H\u0131n\u0131s gibi Osmanl\u0131-Iran serhaddine yak\u0131n kalelerde bile askerlik vazifesi verilmemesine dikkat edildi\u011fini, \u0130stanbul\u2019dan gelen arzlardan \u00f6\u011freniyoruz\u201d der.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mahmut Golo\u011flu ise Trabzon Tarihi adl\u0131 eserinde Laz-\u00c7epni \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l sebebinin ayanlar oldu\u011funu, on sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fehir, kasaba ve k\u00f6ylerde halka bask\u0131 yaparak devlet otoritesini k\u0131ran ve derebeyi durumuna gelen, birbirlerini \u00e7ekemeyip aralar\u0131ndaki yar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma derecesine \u00e7eviren \u00e2yanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Trabzon b\u00f6lgesinde bulundu\u011funu ve Trabzon\u2019un do\u011fusundaki bu t\u00fcr \u00e2yanlar\u0131n Lazlara, bat\u0131s\u0131ndakilerin de \u00c7epnilere dayand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, her ikisi de ayn\u0131 boyun \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olan bu iki z\u00fcmreyi birbirine kar\u015f\u0131 kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor ve bunun sona erdirili\u015fini \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cLazlarla \u00c7epniler aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7imsizlik olduk\u00e7a eski idi. Gerek \u00c7epni, gerekse Laz a\u011falar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z gibi ya\u015farlard\u0131. Onlardan yana olanlar da a\u011falar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka devlet adam\u0131 ve a\u011fa konaklar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka h\u00fck\u00fcmet dairesi tan\u0131mazlard\u0131. Derebeylerinin \u00f6zel askeri birlikleri bile vard\u0131. Mesel\u00e2 Tirebolu\u2019daki bir derebeyi, sil\u00e2hl\u0131 adamlar\u0131n\u0131 Trabzon H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u015fehirden ge\u00e7irip Rize\u2019de Tuzcuzade ya da Lazistan\u2019da Pansazade ailelerine kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fa g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ve a\u011falar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00f6z\u00fcndeki de\u011ferleri, bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardaki ba\u015far\u0131 derecelerine g\u00f6re idi. G\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ispatlayan a\u011fay\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet de kendine kazanmak ister ve ona mesel\u00e2 (kap\u0131c\u0131ba\u015f\u0131l\u0131k) gibi r\u00fctbe ve g\u00f6revler verirdi.
\u0130\u015fte Trabzon bu durumda iken, yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 1738\u2019de ( \u00c7eteci Abdullah Pa\u015fa ) Trabzon Valili\u011fine getirildi. Trabzon\u2019a gelir gelmez Laz-\u00c7epni M\u00fccadelesine el koydu ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 bast\u0131rd\u0131.
Tirebolu\u2019lu (H\u00fcseyin Avni) Alparslan Trabzon Eli Laz m\u0131? T\u00fcrk m\u00fc? Adl\u0131 eserinin \u201cTrabzon Tigresindeki T\u00fcrkler Nice T\u00fcredi\u201d adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u015eakir \u015eevket\u2019 in Trabzon Tarihi\u2019nden \u015fu bilgileri aktar\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u0130kinci Mehmed Han Trabzon tigresini \u00fclkesine katt\u0131ktan sonra ovadan y\u00fczbin \u00c7epni T\u00fcrk\u00fc geldi, T\u0131rabuzon tigresine yerle\u015fti. Bu \u00c7epniler, ilk \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkeli\u2019nden (T\u00fcrkistan\u2019dan) Iran topra\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015f! K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f! Bunlar, \u0130ran\u2019da tekdurmam\u0131\u015f! Us1u oturmam\u0131\u015f!? Bundan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Hanlar\u0131, bunlar\u0131 elinde istememi\u015f! Bunlar da, Anadolu\u2019ya ge\u00e7mi\u015f!?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anadolu\u2019ya ge\u00e7en \u00c7epnilerden y\u00fczbin ki\u015fi daha \u00e7o\u011fu Giresun, Tirebolu, G\u00f6rele, B\u00fcy\u00fckliman\u2019da bulunmak \u00fczere, T\u0131rabuzon tigresine yerle\u015fmi\u015f!? Birtak\u0131m\u0131 da bat\u0131ya do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcmii\u015f! Bal\u0131kesir, \u0130zmir yanlar\u0131na yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f! \u0130zmit\u2019tekiler yerli T\u00fcrklere kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, \u00c7epnilikten \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f! Ancak Bal\u0131kesir, \u0130zmir tigresindeki \u00c7epniler, \u00c7epniliklerini korumu\u015f!?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u0131rabuzon tigresinde, pek \u00e7ok hoca yeti\u015fmi\u015f derebe\u011fleri S\u00fcnn\u00ee olmu\u015f da, bunlar\u0131 gitgide s\u00fcnn\u00ee yapm\u0131\u015f, K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131k kalmam\u0131\u015f! b\u00f6yle. Ancak Giresun\u2019un, Tirebolu\u2019nun, G\u00f6rele\u2019nin y\u00fcksek k\u00f6ylerinde, K\u00fcrt\u00fcn\u2019de bug\u00fcn bile K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6ze \u00e7arparm\u0131\u015f!?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00fcrt\u00fcn \u2018iin \u015eeyhli k\u00f6yl\u00fclerine ne t\u00fcrl\u00fc and versen, korkmaz ! Ancak: \u201cAh\u0131l Baba, Pah\u0131l Baba, G\u00fcvende \u015eeyhi, Vazalak \u015eeyh, Tur Eri, Horuz Evliyas\u0131 oca\u011f\u0131na g\u00fcm g\u00fcm dabanca s\u0131ksun mu!\u201d der isen korkar, i\u015fin do\u011frusunu s\u00f6yler imi\u015f!!! \u0130\u015fte K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131 izleri!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Faruk S\u00fcmer\u2019in konuya bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 bunlardan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. O da, \u00c7epniler ve di\u011fer T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Alevi olanlar\u0131n olabilece\u011fini kabul eder. Hatta Kanuni\u2019nin Nahcivan seferinden ak\u00e7elik ve daha fazla gelir getiren dirliklerin kap\u0131-kullar\u0131na verilmesinin kanun haline geldi\u011fini, bunun T\u00fcrk sipahilerinin terakki imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak kap\u0131-kullar\u0131 ve o\u011fullar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan doldurulamayan dirliklerin verilmesinde Anadolu \u00c7epnileri\u2019nin di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn kavmi unsurlara tercih edildi\u011fini ve \u00f6zellikle Laz, Tat, Sartl\u0131 gibi unsurlar\u0131n askeri hizmetlere kabul edilmediklerini, ayr\u0131ca K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00c7epnilerin askere al\u0131nmalar\u0131n\u0131n yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve evvelce al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n emredildi\u011fini kaydeder. Ama, bu \u00c7epnilerin Trabzon \u00c7epnileri olamayaca\u011f\u0131 kanaatindedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cBir ilim adam\u0131 o\/arak vazifemiz ger\u00e7e\u011fi bulmakt\u0131r. De\u011fil ise bizim i\u00e7in S\u00fcnn\u00ee ve Alevi vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z aras\u0131nda asla bir fark yoktur. T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc alm\u0131\u015f her vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z ilmen yani ger\u00e7ek olarak T\u00fcrk\u2019 tiir. Bu insan\u0131n hangi millete mensup, oldu\u011funu o insan\u0131n alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc belirler, kan\u0131n hi\u00e7 bir rol\u00fc yoktur. Yani bir insana, \u201cben T\u00fcrk\u00fcm, ben Arab\u0131m, ben Frans\u0131z\u0131m ,, s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131 de\u011fil k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc s\u00f6yletir. Bu s\u00f6ylediklerimiz ilmin s\u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130lmin s\u00f6z\u00fc ise ger\u00e7e\u011fin ifadesidir. Arap \u00fclkelerinde pek \u00e7ok insan dedelerinin T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerler. \u201cSen nesin?\u201d diye sorunca \u201cben M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131y\u0131m, Cezayirliyim, Arab\u0131m ,, der. Hakl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, o Arab k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne yabanc\u0131d\u0131r. Dedesinin T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 olmas\u0131 ona T\u00fcrk\u00fcm dedirtmiyor. Fakat i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Arab k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ona \u201cben Arab\u0131m\u201d dedirtiyor. Bir de \u015fu hususu belirtmeliyim. T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrkleri Orta Asya\u2019da ya\u015farken de mongol y\u00fczl\u00fc de\u011fil d\u00fcz y\u00fczl\u00fc idiler. Bu hususu pek a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6steren vesikay\u0131 O\u011fuzlar\u2019 da yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. (s. 48, ha\u015fiye 194). T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrklerinin ger\u00e7ek tipini Toros da\u011flar\u0131nda yaylaya \u00e7\u0131kan Y\u00f6r\u00fckler temsil eder. Mukayese yapmak isteyen onlar ile yapmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sonra, Orta Asya\u2019daki\/erin saf oldu\u011fu da nas\u0131l s\u00f6ylenebilir. ,,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cXVI. ve daha sonraki y\u00fczy\u0131llarda dahi gerek \u00c7epniler aras\u0131nda, gerek kom\u015fular\u0131 olan di\u011fer T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda Alev\u00ee inanc\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yanlar bulunabilir. Fakat \u00d6mer, Osman Bekir isim\/eri, onlardan pek \u00e7o\u011funun S\u00fcnn\u00ee oldu\u011funa asla \u015f\u00fcphe b\u0131rakm\u0131yor. Di\u011fer taraftan az yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere 5-10 haneli \u00c7epni k\u00f6ylerinde camiler bulunuyor ve camilerin imam, hatip, m\u00fcezzin muhass\u0131l gibi vazifelileri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor, fakihlere ve m\u00fcderrislere de s\u0131k s\u0131k rastgeliniyor. K\u0131saca onlar asla karacahil bir topluluk de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc din adamlar\u0131ndan m\u00fcte\u015fekkil ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 var. XV. y\u00fczyl\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131 ile XVI. Y\u00fczyl\u0131n birinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00c2\u015f\u0131k\u2019\u0131n dedi\u011fi gibi \u201cbidin\u201d dinsiz insanlar de\u011fil bilakis dindar bir topluluktur. Bir taraftan Safev\u00ee propagandalar\u0131, di\u011fer taraftan Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019nun her taraf\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gibi, t\u0131marlar\u0131n\u0131 ellerinden al\u0131p kendi kullar\u0131na ve kul o\u011fullar\u0131na (= yani dev\u015firme z\u00fcmresine mensup olanlara) vermeleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden aralar\u0131nda Alevilik belki az daha yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7epnilerin Alevi say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka nedenleri de vard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n Safev\u00ee \u015eeyhi C\u00fcneyd ve onun torunu ve Safev\u00ee Devletinin kurucusu olan \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019e olan yak\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 bilinmektedir. XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n Erdebil \u015fehrinde Safiyeddin Ishak adl\u0131 bir \u015feyh taraf\u0131ndan, S\u00fcnn\u00ee-\u015eafii ilkelerine g\u00f6re kurulan Safev\u00ee tarikat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7emeyince Anadolu\u2019ya gelen ve burada ba\u015fta Halep T\u00fcrkmenleri, Dulkad\u0131rl\u0131 ve \u00dc\u00e7oklu Oymaklar\u0131n\u0131n hemen hemen tamam\u0131 olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer T\u00fcrkmenlerin de bir\u00e7o\u011funun kendisine m\u00fcrid yapan \u015eeyh C\u00fcneyd\u2019in bu m\u00fcritleri aras\u0131nda \u00c7epniler oldu\u011fu gibi, Anadolu\u2019dan toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiyeli g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc m\u00fcridleri ile \u0130ran\u2019a giden ve Akkoyunlular\u0131 yenerek 1501 y\u0131l\u0131nda Safev\u00ee Devletini kuran torunu \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019in de yan\u0131nda \u00c7epniler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eah \u0130smail\u2019in Safev\u0131 Devletini kurmas\u0131ndan sonra Anadolu\u2019dan \u0130ran\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda da \u00c7epniler vard\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 veya tamam\u0131 Do\u011fu Karadeniz \u00c7epnileridir. \u00c7epnilerin \u0130ran\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesine geldikten sonra burada Tirebolu, G\u00f6rele ve Vakf\u0131kebir y\u00f6relerine yerle\u015ftikleri, say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da 100.000 civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu rivayet edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Osman Turan da bu b\u00f6lge \u00c7epnilerinin \u00f6nceleri Alevi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 sonra S\u00fcnnile\u015ftiklerini belirtiyor: \u201cMehmet \u00c2\u015f\u0131k\u00ee (XXI. As\u0131r) memleketi hakk\u0131nda g\u00fczel bilgiler verirken bat\u0131 ve g\u00fcney taraflar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7epni T\u00fcrkleri ile mesk\u00fbn oldu\u011funu ve bu sebeple bu havalideki da\u011flara \u201c\u00c7epni Da\u011flar\u0131\u201d denildi\u011fini hen\u00fcz bas\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan \u201cMen\u00e2z\u0131r\u2019\u00fcl \u00c2v\u00e2lim\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde yazar. Trabzon\u2019un g\u00fczelliklerini ve meziyetlerini tasvir eder ve \u00f6verken bat\u0131da Rafizi (Alevi) \u00c7epniler; do\u011fuda da k\u0131smen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmam\u0131\u015f Lazlar aras\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fclerini belirtir\u201d dedikten sonra, \u201cBir\u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7ebeler gibi Alevi olan bu \u00c7epniler zamanla S\u00fcnnile\u015fmi\u015f ve Lazlar da tamamen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015ftur. S\u00fcrmene ve Arakl\u0131 kazalar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u00c7ebi ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan kalabErmeni tarih\u00e7isi Minas B\u0131j\u0131kyan da, G\u00f6rele\u2019den bahsederken, \u201cGeleneksel bir rivayete g\u00f6re bura halk\u0131 \u00c7epni denilen (\u00e7\u0131ra s\u00f6nd\u00fcrenler) den terekk\u00fcb eder. Putperestlikten kalma adetleri olan bu halk senede bir defa kad\u0131n erkek beraberce \u015fenlik toplant\u0131s\u0131 yapar ve geceleyin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrerek, Putperestler gibi akraba ve karde\u015fi ay\u0131rtmadan birbirine kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve i\u011fren\u00e7 hareketlerde bulunurlard\u0131. Bu adet \u015fimdi kalmam\u0131\u015fsa da, \u00e7o\u011fu namaz k\u0131lmaz ve sarho\u015flu\u011fa itibar ederek \u00e7ok i\u00e7erler\u201d demektedir .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yavuz Selim devrinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Trabzon Sanca\u011f\u0131 Tahrir defterinde \u201c1515-1516\u201d \u00c7epnilerin yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer, \u201cVil\u00e2yet-i \u00c7epni\u201d (\u00c7epni y\u00f6resi-\u00c7epni yurdu) olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Faruk S\u00fcmer defterdeki yer adlar\u0131ndan hareket ederek bu b\u00f6lgenin Giresun-Torul ve G\u00f6rele aras\u0131ndaki saha oldu\u011funu ve bilhassa K\u00fcrt\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn tamamen \u00c7epniler\u2019le mesk\u00fbn oldu\u011funu, Trabzon-Torul ve \u015ealpazar\u0131, Vakf\u0131kebir b\u00f6lgesinde de \u00c7epnilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Co\u011frafyac\u0131 Mehmet \u00c2\u015f\u0131k, yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Men\u00e2zirul-Ev\u00e2lim adl\u0131 eserde \u00c7epnilerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 Trabzon\u2019un bat\u0131 ve g\u00fcneybat\u0131 y\u00f6resindeki da\u011flara \u00c7epni Da\u011flar\u0131 denildi\u011fini kaydediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fetihten sonra bu b\u00f6lgedeki dirliklerin tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7epni beylerine ve onlar\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131na verilmi\u015ftir. Beylerin bu n\u00fcfuzunun daha sonraki devirlerde de devam etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr<\/p>\n\n\n\n
XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda ekserisi veya tamam\u0131 \u201cmuaf ve m\u00fcsellem\u201d, yani, T\u00fcrk k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinden olu\u015fan, sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda at\u0131 ve silah\u0131 ile sava\u015fa kat\u0131lan, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k her t\u00fcrl\u00fc vergiden muaf olarak topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ekip-bi\u00e7en k\u00f6yl\u00fc atl\u0131 asker olan Trabzon \u00c7epnilerinin daha sonra -Anadolu\u2019nun pek \u00e7ok y\u00f6resinde oldu\u011fu gibi- m\u00fcsellemliklerine son verilip \u201craiyyet\u201d yani vergi veren k\u00f6yl\u00fc durumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. F.S\u00fcmer\u2019e g\u00f6re bunun sebebi \u201cDevletin bu esnada (1515) geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde askere ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131yla ilgilidir. Fakat bereket versin dirlikler yani t\u0131mar ve zeametler, eskiden oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00c7epni bey aileleri ile onlar\u0131n hizmetlerinde bulunmu\u015f sipahilerin ellerinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201dBu de\u011fi\u015fim bunu takip eden kalabal\u0131k ailelerin de \u00c7epnilerden oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu de\u011fi\u015fim bunu takip eden y\u0131llarda da devam etmi\u015ftir. Bu uygulamada, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Safevilerin \u015eeyh C\u00fcneyd\u2019le ba\u015flayan o\u011flu Haydar ve torunu \u0130smail ile devam eden, hatta uzant\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelen Anadolu \u00fczerindeki emellerinin \u00f6nemli pay\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Anadolu \u00fczerinde uygulanan devlet politikas\u0131n\u0131n da rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. F. K\u0131rz\u0131o\u011flu\u2019nun B.K\u00fct\u00fcko\u011flu\u2019undan nakletti\u011fi bilgilerden, bu y\u00fczy\u0131lda Anadolu\u2019da oynanan bu oyunu daha iyi anlayabiliyoruz: \u201ddevri i\u00e7in bir nevi be\u015finci kol\u201d diye \u00e7ok yerinde tan\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu gibi K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131k propagandalar\u0131 i\u00e7in M\u00fchimme kay\u0131ktlar\u0131na i\u015faret etti\u011fi gibi, \u00e7ok m\u00fchim ikisinin de suretini vermi\u015ftir ve (27 Ekim 1577 tarihli I.ve II. Belge) Amasya\u2019dan Musul\u2019a ve Teke(Antalya)den Trabuzon\u2019daki \u00c7epni yurdu K\u00fcrt\u00fcn\u2019e de\u011fin Anadolu\u2019yu saran bu gibi Saf\u00eeli\/ K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f dostlu\u011fu propagandas\u0131; Iran\u2019a yap\u0131lan at, sil\u00e2h ve mal ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Erdebil\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nan servetler korkun\u00e7 say\u0131lardayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda u\u011fran\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck ma\u011flubiyetler sonucunda devlet otoritesi son derecede zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00f6relerin idaresi oralar\u0131n yerlisi olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n ellerine ge\u00e7er. Devlet ilk \u00f6nce \u201cm\u00fctegallibe\u201d ve \u201cderebeyi\u201d deyip bunlar\u0131 tan\u0131mam\u0131\u015fsa da sonra ayan ad\u0131n\u0131 vererek varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki \u015fehir ve kalelerde de ayanlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu ayanlardan, baz\u0131lar\u0131 veya \u00e7o\u011fu \u00c7epnilerden idi. Bat\u0131\u2019daki ayanlardan ve Tirebolu, G\u00f6rele ve Vakf\u0131kebir derebeyleri ile Trabzon\u2019un do\u011fu y\u00f6relerindeki derebeyleri aras\u0131nda kesin ve s\u00fcrekli m\u00fccadeleler vuku bulmu\u015ftur. Bu m\u00fccadeleler sonucu da kalabal\u0131k \u00c7epni topluluklar\u0131 S\u00fcrmene, Of ve Rize y\u00f6relerine yerle\u015ftiler. Bu yerle\u015fmeler, yerle\u015ftikleri y\u00f6relerden ba\u015fka yerlere kayda de\u011fer g\u00f6\u00e7lerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131lda, S\u00fcrmene kazas\u0131n\u0131n \u201csa\u011f taraflar\u0131ndaki\u201d k\u00f6ylerde \u00c7epniler oturuyor ve vakit vakit kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131 rahats\u0131z ediyorlard\u0131. Bu y\u00fczy\u0131lda Of\u2019un ileri gelenlerinin kendilerini \u00c7epnilerden sayd\u0131klar\u0131 bildiriliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu Rize y\u00f6resindeki Kara Dere ile di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 nahiye \u00c7epniler ile meskundur. \u00dcnl\u00fc haydut \u00c7epni Ali Rize \u00c7epnilerinden olup en sonunda ba\u015f\u0131na 300 ki\u015fi toplayarak Rus harbine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eimdi dahi Rize y\u00f6resindeki k\u00f6yleri ziyaret edenler \u00c7epni ad\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 bu k\u00f6ylerde unutulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki, on sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda Trabzon\u2019un bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00c7epniler\u2019le, do\u011fusundaki Lazlar aras\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcren kavgalar olmu\u015f, l738\u2019de \u00c7eteci Abdullah Pa\u015fa\u2019 n\u0131n Trabzon valisi olmas\u0131na kadar da bu kavgalar devam etmi\u015ftir. \u00c7eteleri bast\u0131rmaktaki ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc kendisine \u201c\u00c7eteci\u201d lakab\u0131 verilen Abdullah Pa\u015fa, Trabzon\u2019a gelir gelmez Laz-\u00c7epni meselesine el koymu\u015f ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 sona erdirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu ay\u00e2nlar halk ile h\u00fck\u00fcmet aras\u0131ndaki i\u015flerde bir nevi arac\u0131l\u0131k yapar, asayi\u015fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, vergilerin al\u0131nmas\u0131, askerin toplanarak e\u011fitilmesi, yiyecek ve donat\u0131m\u0131n tamamlanarak g\u00f6nderilmesi gibi i\u015fleri y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrlerdi. Yukar\u0131daki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar bunlar\u0131n daha sonra bir nevi derebeyi durumuna geldi\u011fini ve birbirleriyle kavgaya tutu\u015ftuklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda \u00c7epniler\u2019le ilgili benzer olaylar\u0131 konu alan bir \u00e7ok vesikaya rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n biri de, G\u00f6rele\u2019deki \u00c7epnilerin yerlerini b\u0131rak\u0131p kara ve deniz yollar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak Trabzon-Giresun aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgede halk\u0131n mal\u0131na ve can\u0131na zarar verdikleri belirtildikten sonra, bunlar\u0131n tekrar eski yerlerine g\u00f6nderilmelerini, bu t\u00fcr davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na son verdirilmesini su\u00e7lular\u0131n da cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emreden 1145 (1732) tarihli fermand\u0131r. G\u00f6rele\u2019deki bu \u00c7epniler 1732\u2019de Espiye madeni civar\u0131nda yerle\u015ftiler ve sonra tekrar eski yerlerine d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trabzon\u2019da H\u0131ristiyan sipahiler ve onlara tabi olanlar da Anadolu\u2019nun muhtelif yerlerine s\u00fcr\u00fclerek yerlerine Tokat, Samsun, Bafra, \u00c7orum, Amasya gibi b\u00f6lgelerden getirilen ahaliler yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunlara benzer daha y\u00fczlerce belgenin tarihi kaynaklarda bulundu\u011fu muhakkakt\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n tespitinden sonra, tarihi ve sosyolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan meselenin daha da ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir d\u00f6neme ait b\u00fct\u00fcn belgeleri ele ge\u00e7irmeden, sadece bir-iki belgeden yola \u00e7\u0131karak o devir hakk\u0131nda karar vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n do\u011fru bir davran\u0131\u015f olmayaca\u011f\u0131 ve tarihi kaynaklarda rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, bir \u00e7o\u011fu \u00c7epni Ali\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi \u015fah\u0131slarla ilgili olan bu t\u00fcr belgelerin ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131za fazla bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flayamayaca\u011f\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek al\u0131nmad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok olmasa da, Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda da konumuzla ilgili bilgilere rastlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunlar\u0131n birincisi ara\u015ft\u0131rma alan\u0131m\u0131zdaki k\u00f6y say\u0131s\u0131yla ilgilidir. Vakf\u0131kebir\u2019de (Trabzon) yirmi dokuz k\u00f6y \u00c7epni vard\u0131r. \u00c7epnilerin i\u015fgal etti\u011fi m\u0131nt\u0131ka Akhisar Deresinden ba\u015flar ve garba do\u011fru uzan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130kincisi, 1978-1979 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Brent Brendemoen\u2019in Trabzon a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131 \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan elde edilmi\u015ftir. Brendemeon, bizim de ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu sahaya gitmi\u015f ve Sayvan\u00e7atak k\u00f6y\u00fcnden Tepeg\u00f6z hik\u00e2yesinin bir varyant\u0131n\u0131 derlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Brendemeon\u2019un \u201cBat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da ya\u015fayan az say\u0131da ve da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f vaziyette bulunan \u00c7epnilerin a\u011f\u0131z \u00f6zellikleri ve folklor y\u00f6n\u00fcnden di\u011fer y\u00f6re halk\u0131 ile kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmekte iken, Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinde, \u00f6zellikle Trabzon\u2019un Vakf\u0131kebir il\u00e7esinin \u015ealpazar\u0131 y\u00f6resinde oturan \u00c7epnilerin hem a\u011f\u0131z hem folklor itibar\u0131 ile kom\u015fular\u0131ndan dikkat \u00e7ekici b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar korumaktad\u0131rlar\u201d \u015feklindeki tespitine kat\u0131lmamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ama ayn\u0131 yazar\u0131n \u201cDil verilerimizin, \u00c7epnilerin Trabzony\u00f6resinin T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131klar\u0131 yolundaki iddiay\u0131 destekleyece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek do\u011fru olmaz. \u00c7epni a\u011fz\u0131 ile di\u011fer Trabzon a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n benzerliklerden \u00e7ok olmas\u0131, tam aksine bu iddiay\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr\u201d \u015feklindeki kanaatine kat\u0131lmak ise m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Asl\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusundaki tespit do\u011frudur. Y\u00f6renin di\u011fer y\u00f6relerle g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi a\u011f\u0131z farklar\u0131 hemen herkesin anlayabilece\u011fi kadar belirgindir. Ama bu veri tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u201c\u00c7epnilerin bu b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme hareketinde \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131klar\u0131\u201d \u015feklindeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bize g\u00f6re \u201cT\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme\u201d den kas\u0131t buralar\u0131n T\u00fcrk yurdu haline getirilmesidir ki, \u00c7epniler bunu, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri ortaya konulan yerli ve yabanc\u0131 belgelerden de rahat\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, b\u00f6lgede Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyeti kurulmadan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130kinci husus ise, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgeyi fetihlerinden sonra Anadolu\u2019nun \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinden Trabzon havalisine de\u011fi\u015fik T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f ve isk\u00e2n edilmi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 veya birbirine yak\u0131n yerlere yerle\u015ftirilen bu boylar\u0131n zamanla birbirleriyle kayna\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ama onlardan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce bu b\u00f6lgeye gelip yerle\u015fmi\u015f, kendilerine has bir ya\u015fama \u015fekli olan \u00c7epnilerin hem bu \u00f6zellikleri hem de co\u011frafi ve idari yap\u0131 sebebiyle yeni gelenlerle pek fazla bir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fleri oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayr\u0131ca, buraya gelenlerin de de\u011fi\u015fik T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131ndan olduklar\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7epni a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgeye hakim olmas\u0131 ancak \u00c7epnilerin di\u011fer T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcn olmalar\u0131 ve onlarla birlikte ya\u015famalar\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilirdi. Halbuki kaynaklardan elde etti\u011fimiz bilgiler ve bizim tespitlerimiz, \u00c7epnilerin cesur, sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ve geleneklerine s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 bir topluluk oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Bunlara son derece engebeli olan co\u011frafi yap\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n bu t\u00fcr ili\u015fkileri engelleyici \u00f6zelliklerini de eklersek \u00c7epnilerin neden di\u011fer boylar\u0131 etkileyemedi\u011fini anlayabiliriz. Dikkat edilmesi gereken bir ba\u015fka husus da etkile\u015fmenin iki yanl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer bug\u00fcn -hi\u00e7 de\u011filse baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde – bozulmam\u0131\u015f ya da az bozulmu\u015f bir \u00c7epni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc bulabiliyorsak bunu yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan \u015fartlara bor\u00e7luyuz. Nitekim \u00c7epnilerin, daha sonra yerle\u015ftikleri Trabzon\u2019un do\u011fu taraf\u0131nda Arakl\u0131, S\u00fcrmene, Of, Rize gibi yerlerde homojen bir \u00c7epni n\u00fcfusuna ve saf bir \u00c7epni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne rastlamam\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu b\u00f6lgelerde \u00c7epniler di\u011fer T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131yla kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Belki bu iddiay\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde d\u00fczeltmek daha do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r: Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinin T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesinde \u00c7epniler \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ama kendileri gibi T\u00fcrk olan di\u011fer boylar\u0131 \u00c7epnile\u015ftirememi\u015flerdir. Aksini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek T\u00fcrk\u00fc T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmek demek olur ki, bu da ge\u00e7erli bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f olamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu bilgilerden, \u00c7epni boyunun Anadolu\u2019ya gelen ilk T\u00fcrk boyu oldu\u011fu, \u00c7epnilerin Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesine \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131larda bulunduklar\u0131, hatta Safev\u00ee Devleti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funda \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da \u0130zmir, \u0130zmit, Adapazar\u0131 ve Bal\u0131kesir\u2019e gitmelerine ra\u011fmen en yo\u011fun olarak yerle\u015ftikleri, yakla\u015f\u0131k 700 y\u0131ldan beri varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirdikleri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131n\u0131 en iyi muhafaza ettikleri b\u00f6lge Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesi, bu b\u00f6lgede de Asar\/ A\u011fasar\/ Akhisar y\u00f6resi olmu\u015ftur. Bug\u00fcn, Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesine co\u011frafi olmayan ikinci bir isim verilmesi gereksiydi, eskiden \u201c\u00c7epni Vilayeti\u201d denilen b\u00f6lgenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 Ordu\u2019dan Batum\u2019a kadar geni\u015fletip bu b\u00f6lgeye \u201c\u00c7epni Yurdu\u201d veya \u201c\u00c7epni B\u00f6lgesi\u201d demek do\u011fru olurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesiyle ilgili resmi kay\u0131tlar XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren tutulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kay\u0131tlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hen\u00fcz incelenmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in konumuz olan \u00c7epniler hakk\u0131nda da, \u00e7ok detayl\u0131 ve yeterli tarihi bilgiye sahip olmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, m\u00fchimmeler, hatt-\u0131 humayunlar, kad\u0131 sicilleri, tahrir defterleri ve di\u011fer ar\u015fiv vesikalar\u0131 incelendik\u00e7e \u00c7epnilerle ilgili daha doyurucu bilgilere sahip olaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z muhakkakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00c7epni Tarihi hakk\u0131nda k\u0131sa bilgi.\/ kaynak: kt\u00fc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2083,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[205],"tags":[209],"hf_cat_post":[],"class_list":["post-2082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarihsel-gelisim","tag-cepni-tarihi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2082","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2082"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2082\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2084,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2082\/revisions\/2084"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2083"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2082"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2082"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2082"},{"taxonomy":"hf_cat_post","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hf_cat_post?post=2082"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}