Manav K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \/ S\u00fcmeyye K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk’ten al\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkiye tarihi, 11 yy. O\u011fuz ve T\u00fcrkmen denilen T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n en kalabal\u0131k bir kolunun Anadolu kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arak kendine vatan yapmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan biri olan 26 A\u011fustos 1071 Malazgirt Zaferi ile Bizans mukavemeti k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca art\u0131k T\u00fcrkler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir ordu kalmay\u0131nca, T\u00fcrkmenler Anadolu\u2019ya yay\u0131lmaya ve yurt kurmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Osman Turan, Malazgirt zaferinin \u201ccihan\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcl\u201d bir mana ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tarihte bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrer. Malazgirt Zaferinin \u0130slam ve H\u0131ristiyan d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n\u0131n kaderine etki eden \u00f6neminden sonra, ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck neticesinin \u201cAnadolu Fethi ve T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesi\u201d oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7eker. \u015eu ifadeler olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ilk fetihleriyle sadece kanatlar\u0131 kopar\u0131lan fakat 10. as\u0131rda tekrar kanatlan\u0131p taarruza ge\u00e7en Bizans, Anadolu fethi ile bel kemi\u011fini kaybederek art\u0131k tedrici bir \u00f6l\u00fcme mahkum edilmi\u015f oldu. Nitekim Malazgirt\u2019ten sonra Bizans\u2019\u0131n mukavemeti kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, T\u00fcrkler birka\u00e7 y\u0131l zarf\u0131nda \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131, Bo\u011fazlar, Marmara ve Adalar Denizi Ege sahillerinde dikme\u011fe ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019ya y\u00f6neldi\u011fi 11.yy. ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Bizans hem siyasi hem askeri, hem de sosyal ve ekonomik vaziyeti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan i\u00e7i bo\u015falm\u0131\u015f, kof bir c\u00fcsse g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndeydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkler Anadolu\u2019ya hen\u00fcz yerle\u015fmekteyken, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferlerinin a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bir m\u00fccadele evresiyle Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesinin bir as\u0131r kadar duraklad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Orta Anadolu\u2019ya \u00e7ekilen T\u00fcrklerin, bir taraftan da burada te\u015fekk\u00fcl eden \u00f6teki T\u00fcrk devletleriyle cereyan eden kavgalar\u0131ndan ve bunlar\u0131n buhranlar\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z eder. Vaziyetten faydalanan Bizansl\u0131lar sahilleri i\u015fgal ile Anadolu\u2019yu geri alma \u00fcmitleri beslemektedir. Bizans\u0131n bu \u00fcmitleri bir as\u0131r s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Nihayet Anadolu\u2019da bir T\u00fcrk birli\u011finin kurulu\u015fu ve bu vatan\u0131n ikinci kurulu\u015fu 2. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan, Manuel Komenos\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kumdanl\u0131 Zaferi (1176) Bizanss\u0131n Anadolu\u2019ya Kurtarma \u00fcmit ve te\u015febb\u00fcslerine ebediyen son vermi\u015ftir ve Malazgirt\u2019ten sonra bu ikinci zafer sayesinde bu memleket art\u0131k kat\u2019i \u015fekilde \u201cT\u00fcrk Vatan\u0131\u201d olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anadolu\u2019ya 1071 tarihinden \u00f6nce de bir T\u00fcrk yurdudur. Daha 410 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Hun \u0130mparatoru Atilla\u2019n\u0131n amcas\u0131 Rua \u0130stanbul\u2019a yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve Atilla\u2019n\u0131n (441-442) Balkan seferi \u0130stanbul\u2019u tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu tarihten sonra 616 y\u0131l\u0131nda yine bir T\u00fcrk boyu olan Avarlar, \u0130stanbul \u00fczerine gelmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Daha Roma ve Bizans d\u00f6nemlerinde Pe\u00e7enek, Kuman-K\u0131p\u00e7ak gibi H\u0131ristiyan T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 Bart\u0131n\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak Kuzey Karadeniz sahili Do\u011fu ve orta Anadolu\u2019nun baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerine yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00c7e\u015fitli T\u00fcrk kavimleri Anadolu\u2019nun \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6relerinde yurt tutmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z b\u00f6lgede Sel\u00e7uklular taraf\u0131nda zapt olunmu\u015f, \u0130znik \u2018i kendine ba\u015fkent yapan S\u00fcleyman \u015eah bu b\u00f6lgeyi topraklar\u0131na katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan 1097 I. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferinde Bizans \u0130mparatoru Alexios Kommenes taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131lan b\u00f6lge, 1204-1207 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bizans\u2019ta Latin \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu kurulunca Latinlerin i\u015fgali alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f. \u0130znik Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan geri al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130zmit Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 Orhan gazi zaman\u0131nda, Ak\u00e7akoca\u2019n\u0131n da i\u00e7erisinde bulundu\u011fu bir komuta heyeti taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131larak zaptedilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra Bizansl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u015fehir tekrar ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu ku\u015fatmadan bir sonu\u00e7 alamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Timur\u2019un Anadolu\u2019ya istilas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kuvvetlerinden bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u0130zmit\u2019i ya\u011fmalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1337 y\u0131l\u0131nda fethedilen \u0130zmit bu tarihten sonra devaml\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrk hakimiyetinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cT\u00fcrkle\u015fme\u201d her yerde hemen hemen ayn\u0131 yo\u011funlukta olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genellikle s\u0131n\u0131rdaki olaylar\u0131 ele alan vakay\u0131 namelerden de anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi siyasal y\u00f6nden bat\u0131 ve kuzeyde Bizans ile g\u00fcneyde Ermenistan ile T\u00fcrk topraklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rlarda toplanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Bizansl\u0131 yazarlar baz\u0131 yerlerden T\u00fcrk\u00e7e adlar\u0131yla s\u00f6z ederler. Bunda da, bu yerlerin eski adlar\u0131n\u0131 bilen kimselerin bile art\u0131k kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y.\u00d6ztuna\u2019 ya g\u00f6re, 1058 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019da art\u0131k Anadolu\u2019ya, T\u00fcrkiye yeni T\u00fcrk \u00fclkesi denmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00fcleyman \u015fah kap\u0131 da\u011f\u0131 yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f ve \u00c7anakkale bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131 da 1339 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa yakas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Art\u0131k \u0130stanbul ve Balkanlar\u0131n yolu T\u00fcrklere a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E. G\u00fcng\u00f6r ise, bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrklerin atalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu imparatorlu\u011funu kuran o\u011fuz T\u00fcrkleri oldu\u011funu ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olduktan sonra bunlara \u201cT\u00fcrkmen\u201d ad\u0131 verildi\u011fi \u00fczerinde durur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D.Avao\u011fu, T\u00fcrklerinin tarihinde T\u00fcrkmen deyiminin ilk kez X. Yy. ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Maksidisi\u2019 de ge\u00e7ti\u011fini zamanla o\u011fuz ad\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkmen ad\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 sunar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cT\u00fcrkmen\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu belirtir. O\u011fuzlar\u0131n \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131yla T\u00fcrkmen ad\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00fczerinde durur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkmen\u2019e, T\u00fcrk iman (\u0130manl\u0131 T\u00fcrk) T\u00fcrkmen ben t\u00fcrk\u00fcm gibi anlamlar yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lsa da, Jean Deny g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle \u201cmen\u201d kuvvet ekidir ve T\u00fcrkmen \u201cT\u00fcrklerin t\u00fcrk\u00fc \u201c\u00d6zt\u00fcrk\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
XI. yy. da Anadolu\u2019ya gelen T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n konar g\u00f6\u00e7er olduklar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkmen ad\u0131n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019da konar g\u00f6\u00e7erlikle e\u015f anlaml\u0131 oldu\u011funu, daha sonra konar g\u00f6\u00e7erli\u011fi b\u0131rakarak yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7 tiklerini ve Anadolu\u2019ya yurt edindiklerini biliyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkmenlere bir m\u00fcddet sonra T\u00fcrkmen denilmeyerek, yerli veya manav denilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkmenlerin konar g\u00f6\u00e7er halde hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrenlerine ise, bu \u00f6zelliklerinden dolay\u0131 (Y\u00f6r\u00fck) ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Konar g\u00f6\u00e7erli\u011fin \u00f6z\u00fcnde hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k var, yeni otlakl\u0131klar aramak var. K\u0131saca; y\u00fcr\u00fcmek var. Bu hayat tarz\u0131 da y\u00fcr\u00fcyen T\u00fcrk anlam\u0131nda \u201cY\u00d6R\u00dcK\u201d\u00fc olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u00f6r\u00fck\u2019le T\u00fcrkmen\u2019in ayn\u0131 etnik z\u00fcmreye ait olan iki kelime oldu\u011funu rahat\u00e7a s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anamur\u2019da Y\u00f6r\u00fcklere \u201cyaylac\u0131\u201d yerle\u015fik halka yayc\u0131 denildi\u011fini Karadeniz\u2019de bil hassa Giresun\u2019da bu kavramlar\u0131 \u00e7epni bir o\u011fuz boyunun da ad\u0131d\u0131r ve ekinci kelimelerinin kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmekte Anadolu\u2019nun muhtelit yerlerinde T\u00fcrkmen Y\u00f6r\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7er kelimelerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peter Alford Andrews T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de etnik gruplar adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerin kendi etnik gruplar\u0131n\u0131n pekala fark\u0131nda olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bu gruplar\u0131n nerede bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak s\u00f6yleyebileceklerini kendilerine T\u00fcrkmen yerine yerli Y\u00f6r\u00fck yerine manav tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 getirdiklerini, bu iki s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de \u201cdo\u011fma b\u00fcy\u00fcme bural\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu terimlerin \u015fehirden \u00e7ok k\u00f6yde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktarmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Adapazar\u0131, Bilecik, Bal\u0131kesir, Bursa, \u00c7anakkale, Kastamonu, Kocaeli, E\u015fki\u015fehir, Afyon ve Zonguldak da yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkmenlere yerli veya manav denilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cManav\u201d kavram\u0131 farkl\u0131 kaynaklar \u015fu \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
* Meyve sebze sat\u0131lan d\u00fckkan, bu d\u00fckkanda meyve ve sebze satan ki\u015fi.
* Genel manada Anadolu T\u00fcrk\u00fc, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, Sad\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Tebas\u0131.
* Bal\u0131kesir Band\u0131rma il\u00e7esinde de, \u201cmanav\u201d ad\u0131 verilen uzun s\u00fcredir yerle\u015fik olan ve tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015fan yerli toplumlar vard\u0131r.
* \u0130zmit sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yerli ahalisi, eski T\u00fcrk boy ve oymaklar\u0131na mensup T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7ebeleri zamanla g\u00f6\u00e7ebeli\u011fi terk edip iskan edilince manav ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.
* Yerli T\u00fcrkmen, gibi yorumlamalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Genel ad\u0131 T\u00fcrk olan bu insanlara y\u00f6resel adland\u0131rmalar\u0131 ile yerli, manav, pall\u0131k (Artvin\u2019in baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde ), dada\u015f (Erzurum\u2019da) efe (Ege), Zonguldak Bart\u0131n\u2019da k\u0131v\u0131rc\u0131k Toroslar da alevi T\u00fcrkmenlere tahtac\u0131, Bal\u0131kesir\u2019deki alevi T\u00fcrkmenlerine \u00e7etmi denildi\u011fini biliyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn kimlik tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen bir \u00f6\u011fedir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak s\u00f6zl\u00fc kaynaklara ba\u015fvuruldu\u011funda;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u00f6z konusu O\u011fuzlar\u0131n kay\u0131 boyu olan bu T\u00fcrkmenlere \u201cSize ni\u00e7in manav deniliyor? Manav ad\u0131n\u0131n nereden geldi\u011fini?\u201d sordu\u011fumuzda, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z cevaplar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
* Yerli T\u00fcrk.
* Y\u00f6r\u00fckler y\u00fcr\u00fcmeyi ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131nda tar\u0131mla da u\u011fra\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve de yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7ti\u011fi i\u00e7in \u201cmanav\u201d denildi.
* Orta Asya\u2019dan Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya gelen T\u00fcrkmenlere verilen ad.
* T\u00fcrk oturursa manav, gezerse Y\u00f6r\u00fck olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.
* Manav; topra\u011fa ekti\u011fi keteni yeti\u015ftirip, olgunla\u015fan bu bitkiyi i\u015flemeye ba\u015flayarak, tohumundan ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131, liflerinden de e\u011firip, b\u00fcrerek giyeceklerini dokudu\u011fu insanlard\u0131r. Hatta ketenin liflerini tabi boyalarla boyayarak en g\u00fczel kuma\u015flar\u0131 dokurlar. Bu\u011fday\u0131n\u0131 arpas\u0131n\u0131 kendi yeti\u015ftirir. Yemeklik ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ketenden kendi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Sebzesini de bostan dedi\u011fi avlu ile \u00e7evrili sulu tarlas\u0131ndan, bah\u00e7esinden yeti\u015ftirir. K\u0131saca; her ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kendi kendine kar\u015f\u0131layan kimseye muhta\u00e7 olmayan insanlard\u0131r.
* \u00d6zelilikle Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da ya\u015fayan bu T\u00fcrkmenistan t\u00fcrk\u00fc insanlar, sosyolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan de\u011fi\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131k, ba\u011fnazl\u0131ktan uzak, \u00fcretken, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131, ihtiraslar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc, farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcre sahip insanlarla da birlikte ya\u015fama iradesi olan ve de devlete sayg\u0131l\u0131 insan gruplar\u0131d\u0131r manavlar.
* Osmanl\u0131 Devletini kuran bu insanlar, devlet kurulduktan sonra da T\u00fcrkmenistan\u2019dan a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7le beslenerek Kocaeli, Bolu, Yalova, Bursa, Bilecik, Sakarya, Afyon, Eski\u015fehir, Zonguldak ve de Bal\u0131kesir\u2019in bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131lar. Gerek Osmanl\u0131 gerekse de T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti d\u00f6neminde, devlete sadakatl\u0131klar\u0131 ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131 duymalar\u0131 ile tan\u0131n\u0131rlar.
* Bu T\u00fcrkmen toplulu\u011funa \u201cmanav\u201d denilmesinin esas tarihi ger\u00e7e\u011fi \u015fudur;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti kurulduktan sonra, her T\u00fcrkmen boyu \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fcretti\u011fi ne varsa, y\u0131lda bir kere hi\u00e7bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k beklemeden Osmanl\u0131 Saray\u0131na g\u00f6nderirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bolu kabak, Afyon ve Eski\u015fehir bulgur ve tarhana, Adapazar\u0131 ve \u0130znik civar\u0131nda sebze, \u0130zmit Tav\u015fanc\u0131l\u2019dan \u00fcz\u00fcm saraya g\u00f6nderilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bolu, Bursa, Kocaeli, Yalova, Eski\u015fehir, Afyon, Yalova, Zonguldak ve Bal\u0131kesir b\u00f6lgelerinden sadece hububat, meyve ve sebze gitmezdi, saraya koyun, kuzu, ke\u00e7i, o\u011flak ya\u011f ve kavurmada g\u00f6nderilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte; Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n bu sad\u0131k tebas\u0131 olan manav, baz\u0131 yerde de Y\u00f6r\u00fck diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu insanlara, bulunduklar\u0131 yerlerdeki az\u0131nl\u0131klar (Ermeni-Rum). \u201cYahu, siz Osmanl\u0131y\u0131 besliyorsunuz. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z her \u015feyi saraya g\u00f6nderiyorsunuz, siz Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n manav\u0131 m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?\u201d derlerdi. Bu devlete sad\u0131k insanlarda \u201cEvet, biz Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n manav\u0131y\u0131z. Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n manav\u0131 olmakla da gurur duyar\u0131z. Devletimize yard\u0131m etmeyi de bir \u015feref biliriz\u201d derlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte, o g\u00fcnd\u00fcr, bu g\u00fcnd\u00fcr az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n haz\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131kla, k\u0131skan\u00e7la s\u00f6yledikleri bir add\u0131r MANAV tan\u0131mlamas\u0131. Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n Sad\u0131k tebas\u0131, \u00d6zbe \u00d6z T\u00fcrk. T\u00fcrkmen – Y\u00f6r\u00fck k\u00fcl t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn has insanlar\u0131d\u0131r manavlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yine s\u00f6zl\u00fc kaynaklardan halk aras\u0131ndaki tan\u0131mlamalarla, manavlar\u0131n ki\u015filiklerine ait baz\u0131 tespitler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
* Manav ve mac\u0131ra senet gerekmez
* Manav\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc senettir. Devlete, nizama son derece ba\u011fl\u0131 ve itaatk\u00e2rd\u0131r. H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapmazlar. Herkesin mahsul\u00fc harmandad\u0131r. K\u0131z ka\u00e7\u0131ranlar, kavgal\u0131 olanlar k\u00f6yde bar\u0131nabilirler ama h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapanlar asla bar\u0131namazlar.
* Bir Karadeniz g\u00f6\u00e7meninden derlenen tan\u0131mlama; manav\u0131n sessizine aldanma.
* Manav uysald\u0131r. Sessiz sakin insanlard\u0131r. Ama manav\u0131n damar\u0131 kabard\u0131m\u0131 yan\u0131na gitme, Ayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015filmeye g\u00f6rs\u00fcn.
* Manavlar birbirini tutmazlar, ama ayr\u0131da ya\u015famazlar
* Manavlar temiz kalpli, saf insanlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yusuf \u00c7am Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130zmit Sanca\u011f\u0131 adl\u0131 eserinde Milli M\u00fccadelenin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 d\u00f6neminde \u0130zmit Sanca\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n %70 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman %30 kadar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu H\u0131ristiyan olmak \u00fczere az\u0131nl\u0131klardan olu\u015ftu\u011funu ve b\u00f6lgenin sosyal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck sosyal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck halinde g\u00f6rmek gerekti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. H\u0131ristiyan Az\u0131nl\u0131klar ( Ermeniler, Rumlar, Yahudiler )
2. 1830 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fen (Muhacirler, Balkan ve Kafkasya)
3. B\u00f6lgenin yerli (otoktan) halk\u0131 bu son bo\u015flu\u011fu a\u00e7arsak; b\u00f6lgenin yerli halk\u0131 manavlard\u0131r (yani T\u00fcrkmenlerdir) demektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00fclt\u00fcr, bir toplumun hayat bi\u00e7imidir. \u0130nsano\u011flunun \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi bilgi, sanat, gelenek \u2013 g\u00f6renek ve benzeri yetenek, beceri ve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan karma\u015f\u0131k bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrk tipinin bulundu\u011fu co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6re etkilenen ve kar\u0131\u015farak de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6zellik kazanan bir \u0131rk oldu\u011fu dile getirilmektedir. \u00d6zellikle Marmara B\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan ki\u015filer MANAV olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Manav T\u00fcrkmen k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc anlayabilmek i\u00e7in, Manavlar hakk\u0131nda etnografik bilgilere ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin keten el dokumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 manavlarla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ift\u00e7i ailesinin bo\u015f zamanlar\u0131nda tar\u0131mdan arta kalan g\u00fcnlerde u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, hem kendi ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hem de fazlas\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n para kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya y\u00f6resindeki hammaddeden ve bo\u015f duran i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi yard\u0131mc\u0131 bir el sanat\u0131 durumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ekilip dokuma durumuna gelinceye kadar, havuzlama, kurutma, k\u0131rma, tarama, yumu\u015fatma, e\u011firme, a\u011fartma, \u00e7\u00f6zg\u00fc haz\u0131rlama a\u015famalar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en keten; dokunup \u00e7ar\u015faf, yayg\u0131, yorgan y\u00fcz\u00fc, yast\u0131k k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131, elbiselik, yolluk, \u00e7uval olarak Manavlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Geleneksel giyimin par\u00e7alar\u0131 olan u\u00e7kur, \u00f6nl\u00fck, ya\u011fl\u0131k, \u00e7evre keten bezinden yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u015ealvar ve s\u0131rta giyilen i\u00e7lik saya mintan, h\u0131rka ise zaten ketenden di\u011fer bir ad\u0131yla kand\u0131ra bezindendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Manavlar ketenin \u00e7\u00f6p\u00fcn\u00fc bile ziyan etmez. Bu bir m\u00fcbala\u011fa de\u011fildir. Ketenin \u00e7\u00f6p\u00fcnden yatak, minder yapar, keten tohumunun ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yemeklik olarak kullan\u0131r ve kandilinde yakar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eehre sadece tuz almaya, \u015feker almaya giderlerdi. Bazen de \u015feker ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 pekmezle kar\u015f\u0131larlard\u0131. (Dut, elma, pancar, armut ve \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 pekmezleri )<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Manavlar, b\u00f6lgenin tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6zelliklerine uyum g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Tah\u0131l, keten, kenevir, meyve, sebze tar\u0131m\u0131, ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k, son zamanlarda f\u0131nd\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Manavlarda \u00f6zellikle Kand\u0131ra hayvanc\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Koyun, ke\u00e7i, hindi, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, dombay (manda) gibi b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvan yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ke\u015f, ya\u011f, peynir, yo\u011furt \u00fcretmi\u015flerdir ki Kand\u0131ran\u0131n yo\u011furdu me\u015fhurdur, bu \u00fcretimin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 aile i\u00e7i t\u00fcketime tahsis edilmi\u015f, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 sat\u0131\u015fa sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mimari : Manav k\u00f6ylerinde halk mimarisinin ilgin\u00e7 bir \u00f6rne\u011fi ah\u015fap y\u0131\u011fma \u015feklinde olan \u00e7and\u0131 evler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Gerek Sel\u00e7uklu, gerekse Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminin bu orijinal ah\u015fap \u00f6rnekleri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde tek t\u00fck de olsa ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kand\u0131ra ve Kand\u0131ra\u2019n\u0131n hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bulanan Ta\u015fk\u00f6pr\u00fc \u00e7evresinde y\u00f6resel ad\u0131yla, \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7and\u0131 camii kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tatar Ahmet, Karag\u00fcll\u00fc, ve Hatipler k\u00f6y\u00fc civar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kand\u0131ra, Kaynarca dolaylar\u0131ndaki \u00c7and\u0131 camilerinin \u00e7o\u011funda Orhan Gazi d\u00f6neminde ait bulundu\u011fu ve bu t\u00fcr camilerin kesinlikle Ak\u00e7akoca Bey\u2019in fethetti\u011fi yerlerde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011fu, Orta Asyadan gelen bu mimarinin an\u0131s\u0131na sad\u0131k olan B\u00fcy\u00fck Kahraman Ak\u00e7akocan\u0131n iste\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bu camilerin yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7and\u0131 evler geleneksel T\u00fcrk ailesinin ya\u015fam \u015fekline g\u00f6re planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Evin tam ortas\u0131nda ocakl\u0131 bir oda bulunmaktad\u0131r, Odan\u0131n etraf\u0131nda onu \u00e7evreleyen bir dola\u015fma yer almaktad\u0131r. Evin giri\u015findeki hayat denilen geni\u015f alan bu dola\u015fmayla birbirine a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Evler iki katl\u0131 olup alt katta ah\u0131r bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ya\u015fam mahallinin ah\u0131r\u0131n \u00fczerinde yer almas\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131n ve nefeslerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst kat\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131nda katk\u0131 vermesidir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda da mal can\u0131n yongas\u0131d\u0131r. Hayvanlar ailenin g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7and\u0131 yap\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi 20 cm \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki k\u00fct\u00fckler d\u00fczg\u00fcn yontularak birbiri \u00fczerine binen U kesitli bo\u011fazlarla kenetlenmektedir. Bo\u011faz k\u0131sm\u0131ndan a\u011fa\u00e7lar 20 cm uzat\u0131larak u\u00e7lar\u0131 ayn\u0131 hizada d\u00fczg\u00fcnce kesilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kertilip birbirine ge\u00e7irilen uzun k\u00fct\u00fcklerde \u00e7ivi kullan\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131lar k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00f6zelli\u011fi olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra birer sanat eseridir. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u0131cak, yaz\u0131n serindir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda depreme son derece dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ki; Orta Asya\u2019dan Anadolu\u2019ya gelen T\u00fcrkler manevi k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin yan\u0131nda maddi k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini de getirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Manav Mutfa\u011f\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Manav mutfa\u011f\u0131 karbonhidrat a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r diyebiliriz. Bu\u011fday ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere tah\u0131l maddeleri ana \u00f6\u011fedir.T\u00fcrklerde \u00e7ok eski ve yayg\u0131n bir \u00e7e\u015fit olan g\u00f6zleme manavlarda da vazge\u00e7ilmezdir. Yine bu \u00e7e\u015fide yak\u0131n bazlama ve cizlemeyi sayabiliriz. Bazlama biraz kal\u0131nd\u0131r. Ve ekmek i\u015flevi g\u00f6rmektedir. Cizleme ise ta\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve yumu\u015fak hamurun daha ince pi\u015firilmi\u015f bir versiyonudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu mutfa\u011f\u0131n en kendine has \u00f6rneklerini vermek gerekirse, malay (m\u0131s\u0131r ve bu\u011fday unundand\u0131r, dart\u0131l\u0131 veya pekmezli yenir) mancarl\u0131 pide (bu genel bir ba\u015fl\u0131kla s\u00f6ylenirse \u0131spanakl\u0131 pidedir. Ispanakla s\u0131n\u0131rlanmaz. Pidenin i\u00e7i gezicek otu, efelik, kaldirik otu, g\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u0131k otu olur ama ba\u015fl\u0131k ayn\u0131d\u0131r; mancarl\u0131 pide)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dart\u0131 : Dart\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na konudur. Bir imzad\u0131r bu mutfakta. Bekletilen s\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcndeki kaymak, yo\u011furdun kayma\u011f\u0131 toplanarak kaynat\u0131l\u0131r. Kaynatma s\u00fcresi istenen k\u0131vama g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. \u00c7ok kaynat\u0131l\u0131rsa ya\u011f\u0131 iyice ayr\u0131l\u0131r, az kaynat\u0131l\u0131rsa daha krema g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde olur. Bir iki maddede yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu yiyecek kahvalt\u0131larda ba\u015f tac\u0131 yemeklere \u00e7e\u015fnidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ke\u015fkek : \u00c7ok eski bir yemektir. O\u011fuz T\u00fcrkmen boylar\u0131n\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez yeme\u011fidir. Bu\u011fday\u0131n d\u00f6v\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kaynat\u0131l\u0131r i\u00e7ine et kat\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dczerine mutlaka dart\u0131 koyulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ke\u015fkek asl\u0131nda d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve bayram yeme\u011fidir. Eskiden bayramlarda asla es ge\u00e7ilmezdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ke\u015f : Eski bir a\u011fart\u0131d\u0131r s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kesilmi\u015f s\u00fctten yap\u0131l\u0131r. Kendi kendine toplanan s\u00fct bir t\u00fclbentle s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr ve kurutulur. Kahvalt\u0131l\u0131k veya hamur i\u015flerinde i\u00e7 malzemesi olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u00e7ecek olarak komposto ( ho\u015faf ) ve ayran sayabiliriz. Komposto i\u00e7in tercih edilen meyveler elma, armut, ayva, eriktir. Kurutulur, kurutma i\u015flemi sonras\u0131 erik(kak) di\u011ferleri (buru\u00e7) k\u0131vam\u0131ndad\u0131r art\u0131k..<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k haz\u0131rl\u0131klarda ise; pekmez, tarhana, sal\u00e7alar, meyve kurular\u0131 ve kendi tuzlu suyunda uzun s\u00fcre bekletilmi\u015f sert peynirler yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu k\u0131vamdaki peynirler k\u00f6zde veya tavada k\u0131zart\u0131l\u0131p t\u00fcketilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7orbalarda kesin bir un malzemesi hakimiyeti vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
* Kesme \u00e7orbas\u0131
* D\u0131mb\u0131l \u00e7orbas\u0131
* Uma\u00e7 \u00c7orbas\u0131
* Eri\u015fte \u00c7orbas\u0131
* Tarhana \u00c7orbas\u0131
* Mancar \u00c7orba ve yemekleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ana ba\u015fl\u0131klar halinde s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz manav mutfa\u011f\u0131; her y\u00f6re mutfa\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi yeniden ke\u015ffedilmeyi bekleyen lezzetlerin sahibidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6zellikle g\u00f6zleme, cizleme ve bazlama\u00e7 \u00e7ok \u00f6zel yemeklerdir. Bug\u00fcn bile g\u00f6zleme deyince akla manavlar ve Y\u00f6r\u00fckler gelir. Ayn\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn insanlar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sadece Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da de\u011fil, Ege ve Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinde de, bu yerle\u015fik veya k\u0131smen Y\u00f6r\u00fck olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu insanlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli yiyeceklerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6zleme gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Her evde k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k tarhana, kuskus, buru\u00e7 (elma, eriki armut vs.) vard\u0131r. Yazdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f peynirleri vard\u0131r. Kavurmalar pek \u00e7ok aile taraf\u0131ndan toprak k\u00fcplere yazdan bas\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pekmez (pancar, \u015fekerkam\u0131\u015f\u0131, elma, armut vb. meyvelerden elde edilen tatl\u0131) hemen hemen her evde bulunur. Enerji kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n so\u011fukta \u00f6zellikle yenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Manav mutfa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli yemeklerinden biri de \u201cMalay\u201d yeme\u011fidir. Baz\u0131 y\u00f6relerde \u201cka\u00e7amak\u201d diye de an\u0131lan bu yiyecek, yo\u011furt ve pekmezle i\u015ftahla t\u00fcketilir. M\u0131s\u0131r malay\u0131 veya bu\u011fday malay\u0131, her ikisi de bu yerli halk\u00e7a \u00e7ok sevilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mancarl\u0131 pide, manavlarda g\u00f6zde yiyeceklerdir. Mancar (\u0131spanak, gazicek, efelik, g\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u0131k, galdirik, (\u00e7i\u00e7ekli mancar) kabak urgan ucu, paz\u0131 vs.) bitkilerin ortak ad\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mancarl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lan bu un mam\u00fcl\u00fc pideler, dart\u0131, s\u00fct\u00e7i\u011fi, peynir, ke\u015f gibi s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ile de kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, desteklenirse m\u00fckemmel bir yiyecek ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bozkurt G\u00fcven\u00e7\u2019in yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla dile getirecek olursak; bir manav \u0131rk\u0131 yoktur ama g\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki bir MANAV K\u00dcLT\u00dcR\u00dc vard\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Manav K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \/ S\u00fcmeyye K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk’ten al\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1172,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[205],"tags":[208],"hf_cat_post":[],"class_list":["post-2080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarihsel-gelisim","tag-manav-kulturu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2080"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2081,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2080\/revisions\/2081"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2080"},{"taxonomy":"hf_cat_post","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hf_cat_post?post=2080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}