{"id":1347,"date":"2006-12-10T16:12:03","date_gmt":"2006-12-10T14:12:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/?p=1347"},"modified":"2020-12-20T18:46:10","modified_gmt":"2020-12-20T15:46:10","slug":"bitki-ortusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/2006\/12\/10\/bitki-ortusu\/","title":{"rendered":"Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrkelli, Karadeniz iklim ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6zelliklerini ta\u015f\u0131r(d\u0131).<\/strong> \/\u015eakir Sa\u011flam<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Karadeniz iklimi i\u00e7inde de Do\u011fu Karadeniz \u0130klimi farkl\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6sterir. Hatta, b\u00f6l\u00fcm b\u00f6l\u00fcm gene farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; Yoroz Burnu ile Arsin aras\u0131 tam Akdeniz iklimi ya\u015far.<br>B\u00f6lgemiz, \u00e7ok fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.  Yazlar\u0131 s\u0131cak ama \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olabilir. K\u0131\u015flar\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131larda \u0131l\u0131k, y\u00fckseklerde sert ge\u00e7mektedir. Nem miktar\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131dan y\u00fcksekli\u011fe do\u011fru azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"557\" height=\"370\" src=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/bitki_ortusu2-557x370-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/bitki_ortusu2-557x370-1.jpg 557w, https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/bitki_ortusu2-557x370-1-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 557px) 100vw, 557px\" \/><figcaption>Foto: Nural Emiro\u011flu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu iklime uygun olarak, Do\u011fu Karadeniz&#8217;de Bat\u0131 kesimden daha g\u00fcr olmak \u00fczere yer yer daralan, yer yerde geni\u015fleyen bir \u015ferit halinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 seviyelerde baz\u0131 maki elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 da (Sandal, Kocayemi\u015f, Menengi\u00e7, Ak\u00e7akesme) i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde devam eder. Sonra ise Kuzey yama\u00e7lar\u0131 boyunca 200 m ba\u015fl\u0131yan kay\u0131n, kestane, \u0131hlamur, g\u00fcrgen, me\u015fe, ak\u00e7aa\u011fa\u00e7, k\u0131z\u0131la\u011fa\u00e7 gibi yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6ken a\u011fa\u00e7lardan olu\u015fan ve 1200 m. ye kadar devam eden bir ku\u015fak ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Buras\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda yaprakl\u0131 koru ormanlar\u0131 olarak bilinen sahad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"227\" height=\"170\" src=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/misirtarlasi-227x170-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1303\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/hasana5kb.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/hasana5kb.jpg 640w, https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/hasana5kb-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"244\" height=\"187\" src=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/incir-244x187-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1294\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>EKOLOJ\u0130<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bilindi\u011fi gibi son y\u0131llarda t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada oldu\u011fu gibi \u00fclkemizde de \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e b\u00fcy\u00fcmekte ve daha fazla g\u00fcncellik kazanmaktad\u0131r.Bu sorunlar, ozon tabakas\u0131ndaki delikten hava kirlili\u011fi, deniz kirlili\u011fi, g\u00f6l ve akarsu kirlili\u011fi, toprak kirlili\u011fi, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi, plans\u0131z \u015fehirle\u015fme ve sanayile\u015fme, toprak erozyonu, sel ve ta\u015fk\u0131n problemleri, bitki ve hayvan t\u00fcrlerinin soyunun t\u00fcketilmesine kadar uzanmakta, bunun sonucunda tabiattaki denge ve ahenk b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde insan etkisiyle bozulmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde bug\u00fcn belki de en \u00f6nemli \u00e7evre sorunu, erozyon ve toprak kay\u0131plar\u0131d\u0131r. Tarihte b\u00fcy\u00fck medeniyetler toprak ve su kaynaklarmca zengin alanlarda geli\u015fmi\u015f, bu kaynaklar\u0131n tahrip ve yokedilmesi de yine bu b\u00fcy\u00fck uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n sonunu getirmi\u015ftir. Buna \u00f6rnek olarak Mezopotomya ve \u0130nka medeniyetlerini verebiliriz. Mezopotamya medeniyeti Anadolu&#8217;dan ta\u015f\u0131nan topra\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcney Amerika&#8217;daki \u0130nka&#8217;lar tar\u0131m bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ileri gitmi\u015f zengin bir toplum iken, ormanlar\u0131 tahrip edip yeni tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, bunun sonucunda artan erozyonla topraklar\u0131 gitmi\u015f, verim d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, artan n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131 besleyemeyerek zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fler ve medeniyetleri \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"680\" height=\"452\" src=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/bitki_ortusu4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/bitki_ortusu4.jpg 680w, https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/bitki_ortusu4-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dclkemizde n\u00fcfus h\u0131zla artmakta, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 artmay\u0131p aksine azalmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, tar\u0131ma uygun l. s\u0131n\u0131f arazi \u00fczerine her yerde ve herkesin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi binalar, fabrikalar, \u015fehirler &#8211; alternatif alanlar olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen- in\u015fa edilmektedir. Bu \u015fekilde fert ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen tar\u0131m alan\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmektedir. \u00dclkemiz tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcretimi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kendisine yeten ender \u00fclkelerden birisi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bununla \u00e7ok \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fclmemelidir. Gerekli tedbirler al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra kendisini besleyemez duruma d\u00fc\u015fmemiz ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde ormanlar da h\u0131zla tahrip edilmekte, orman alanlar\u0131 azalmakta, nitelikleri d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bu bak\u0131mdan odun hammaddesi \u00fcretimi ihtiyaca yetmemektedir. Daha \u015fimdiden \u00fclkemizde yeti\u015ftirilen baz\u0131 tar\u0131m ve orman \u00fcr\u00fcnleri d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan ithal edilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkemiz tabii kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n detayl\u0131 envanter ve s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fimdiye kadar yeterince yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, yap\u0131lanlara da uyulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu konudaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck problem, Arazi Kabiliyet S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131na uyulmamas\u0131 ve arazinin yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. Orman ve arazi kadastrosu yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7in baz\u0131 yerlerde ve durumlarda orman arazisi i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f, orman ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesindeki illerin orman kadastrosu g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f alanlar\u0131, Giresun&#8217;da %5.2&#8217;si, Ordu&#8217;da %6.6&#8217;s\u0131, Trabzon&#8217;da %5.8&#8217;i, Rize&#8217;de %9&#8217;u, Artvin&#8217;de %5.4&#8217;\u00fcd\u00fcr (2). \u00dclkemizin Marmara, Ege ve Akdeniz b\u00f6lgelerindeki l. s\u0131n\u0131f, tar\u0131ma uygun verimli tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131; \u015fehirle\u015fme, sanayile\u015fme, yol, askeri ve turistik tesisler, havaalanlar\u0131 gibi kullan\u0131mlar sebebiyle elden \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinde tar\u0131m yap\u0131labilir 1,2,3. s\u0131n\u0131f arazilerin nisbeti toplam arazinin %2.1&#8217;idir. Bu oran Trabzon&#8217;da %1.01, Rize&#8217;de %0.43&#8217;d\u00fcr (3). Yani, Trabzon&#8217;un t\u00fcm arazisinin sadece %1&#8217;i, Rize&#8217;nin ise %0.43&#8217;\u00fc tar\u0131m yap\u0131labilirarazidir. \u00c7o\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131 kesimlerde az ve k\u0131t olan bu verimli topraklar \u015fehirle\u015fme, sanayile\u015fme, havaalan\u0131 gibi tesisler ile ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu gibi yararl\u0131 tesislere \u00fclkemizin b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ancak bunlar\u0131n kurulabilece\u011fi daha verimsiz alternatif alanlar varken ve gerekli teknik \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmadan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bunlar \u00e7evreyi kirletmekte ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zarar vermektedir (Trabzon \u00e7imento fabrikas\u0131 ve Murgul bak\u0131r fabrikas\u0131 gibi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"916\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fevzi-Cakmak-39-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1348\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fevzi-Cakmak-39-1.jpg 916w, https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fevzi-Cakmak-39-1-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fevzi-Cakmak-39-1-768x570.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 916px) 100vw, 916px\" \/><figcaption>Foto: Fevzi \u00c7akmak-Yastalan&#8217;dan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ormanl\u0131k yukar\u0131 kesimlerde ise gizli ve a\u00e7\u0131k orman tahribat\u0131 s\u00fcrmektedir. Ormanlar, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131 do\u011fru tar\u0131m alan\u0131 a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in, yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 da yaylac\u0131l\u0131k ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131nmakta, alanlar\u0131 daralt\u0131lmakta bazen de ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi; da\u011fl\u0131k, arazi \u00e7ok e\u011fimli ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 da boldur. Orman s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan f\u0131nd\u0131k ve \u00e7ay tar\u0131m\u0131 ile yukar\u0131dan da yaylac\u0131l\u0131k ile daralt\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yaz aylar\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok yerde irili ufakl\u0131 yayla ve obalar kurulmakta, \u015fenlikler d\u00fczenlenmektedir. Bu yerlerdeki insan ve hayvanlar taraf\u0131ndan ormanlar tahrip edilmektedir. Ormanlardan odun temin edilmekte, hayvanlar usuls\u00fcz olarak otlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Orman alt\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fc toplan\u0131lmakta ve otlat\u0131lmakta dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ormanlarda \u00f6l\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fc, yeteri kadar bulunamamaktad\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde ekosistemdeki besin dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bozulmakta, orman topra\u011f\u0131 bitki besin maddesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan fakirle\u015fmekte, verim ve ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesi azalmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00f6lge a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belki daha da \u00f6nemli de\u011feri onun hidrolojik fonksiyonlar\u0131d\u0131r.\u00d6l\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fc ve humus kendi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 9 kat\u0131 kadar sututabilmektedir. B\u00f6lgemizde yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada; \u00f6l\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fcn\u00fcn kendi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 5 kat\u0131 kadar su tutabildi\u011fi ve tahrip edilmemi\u015f bir kay\u0131n orman\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6l\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fc miktar\u0131n\u0131n 25 ton \/ hektar civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu hektarda 125 ton suyun sadece \u00f6l\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan tutulabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00f6l\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fc; ya\u011fmur damlas\u0131n\u0131n mekanik olarak topra\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6v\u00fcp dispersle\u015ftirmesine de engel olur ve adeta bir battaniye gibi topra\u011f\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rterek onu a\u015f\u0131nmaktan korur. Otlatma ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 faydalanma ile orman topraklan \u00f6l\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fc ve humustan mahrum kalmakta, toprak s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmakta dolay\u0131s\u0131yla infiltrasyon (suyun topra\u011fa girmesi) ve su tutma kapasitesi azal\u0131p y\u00fczeysel ak\u0131\u015f ve erozyon artmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6lgedeki sel ve heyelan olaylar\u0131nda, orman azalmas\u0131 ve bozulmas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6l\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fcn\u00fcn kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck rol\u00fc vard\u0131r. Brezilya-Amazon ormanlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re, orman ekosistemine giren ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n 3\/4&#8217;\u00fc y\u00fczeyden ak\u0131p gitmeden ve yeralt\u0131 suyuna kar\u0131\u015fmadan atmosfere geri d\u00f6nmektedir. Bu ise, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n 1\/4&#8217;\u00fcn\u00fcn toprakta depolanmas\u0131 ve dere ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi demektir. S\u00f6zkonusu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re ormanla kapl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgeden atmosfere geri y\u00fckselen su buhar\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131, otluk-\u00e7al\u0131l\u0131k b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7\u0131kan\u0131n 2 kat\u0131, \u00e7\u0131plak bir b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7\u0131kan\u0131n 10 kat\u0131d\u0131r. Bu bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc kesildi\u011fi zaman y\u00fczeysel ak\u0131\u015f olmakta, bitki besin maddeleri ve toprak sistemden \u00e7\u0131kmakta ve b\u00f6ylece denge bozularak ekosistemin verim g\u00fcc\u00fc ve ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesi azalmaktad\u0131r Trabzon ve civannda ise, 1990 y\u0131l\u0131 Haziran ay\u0131nda meydana gelen sel felaketinde ormans\u0131zla\u015fman\u0131n rol\u00fc \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Suyun toplanma b\u00f6lgesi olan havzalar\u0131n yukar\u0131 kesimleri a\u00e7\u0131k (yayla) veya bozuk karakterde ormanla kapl\u0131d\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kesimler de yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde tahrip edilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yle havzaya d\u00fc\u015fen ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, orman, \u00f6l\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fc ve s\u0131\u011f olan toprak taraf\u0131ndan yeteri kadar tutulmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla engellenip dereye ula\u015fmas\u0131 geciktirilmeksizin dereye ula\u015fmakta ve b\u00f6ylece ani ve y\u00fcksek (pik) ak\u0131mlar meydana getirmektedir. Bu tip ani ve y\u00fcksek ak\u0131mlar ormans\u0131z havzalar\u0131n karakteristi\u011fidir. Ormanl\u0131k havzalarda, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f tutulup dereye ula\u015fmas\u0131 geciktirilmekte, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 evapotranspirasyonla (buharla\u015fma ve terleme) harcanmakta, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla derelerde suyun ani y\u00fckselmesi yerine uzun zamana yay\u0131lmas\u0131 durumu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta ve ak\u0131\u015f rejimi d\u00fczenli olmaktad\u0131r. Amazon ormanlar\u0131nda, sisteme giren ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n 3\/4&#8217;\u00fc ekosistem taraf\u0131ndan tutulup harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131da belirtilmi\u015fti. B\u00f6lgemizde meydana gelen afet s\u0131ras\u0131nda da bu ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n hi\u00e7 olmazsa 2\/4&#8217;\u00fc ekosistem (\u00f6zellikle toprak ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc) taraf\u0131ndan sistemde tutulup harcanabilseydi, derelere ula\u015fan su miktar\u0131 daha az olacak ve b\u00f6ylece tahribat da b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle bu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte olmayacakt\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, B\u00f6lgede ormanlar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve tahrip edilmi\u015ftir. Uzaktan g\u00f6r\u00fclen ye\u015fillik aldat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Orman amenajman planlar\u0131na dayan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Trabzon- Ak\u00e7aabat il\u00e7esindeki havzalarda 1970-1983 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki 13 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde; S\u00f6\u011f\u00fctl\u00fcdere havzas\u0131nda 3860 dekar, Kire\u00e7hane deresi havzas\u0131nda 120 dekar, Kavakl\u0131 deresi havzas\u0131nda 1230 dekar, Danca 960 dekar, \u00c7atalzeytin deresi havzas\u0131nda 1700 dekar olmak \u00fczere toplam 7870 dekar orman alan\u0131 azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine ayn\u0131 13 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesindeki Orman B\u00f6lge M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckleri orman sahalar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck azalmalar g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda Giresun Orman B\u00f6lge M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Orman alan\u0131, 442599 ha.; Trabzon 535782 ha. iken 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu rakamlar; Giresun&#8217;da 426774 ha., Trabzon&#8217;da 523141 ha.&#8217;a d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (2). Kaybolan bu alan, tanm ve otlak alanlanna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1983- 1992 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ve di\u011fer havzalarda da tahribat s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 s\u00fcrmektedir. Bunlar da hesaba kat\u0131l\u0131rsa tahribat\u0131n daha da korkun\u00e7 boyutlarda oldu\u011fu meydana \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Halbuki b\u00f6lgede ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131, arazinin \u00e7ok e\u011fimli olmas\u0131 nedeniyle orman alanlann\u0131n azalmas\u0131 yerine bilakis artt\u0131nlmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. B\u00f6lgede \u00e7apa tar\u0131m\u0131na uygun arazi yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r. Kullan\u0131lan arazi s\u0131n\u0131flama sistemine g\u00f6re de tar\u0131ma uygun arazi \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Ancak, ekonomik ve sosyal zorlamalar nedeniyle tar\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekse bile buna belirli s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ve standartlar getirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/mektepyani2007a.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1301\" width=\"163\" height=\"114\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" src=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/bitki_ortusu5.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/bitki_ortusu5.jpg 800w, https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/bitki_ortusu5-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/bitki_ortusu5-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ali_Terzi_sarli-obasi-020.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1279\" width=\"202\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ali_Terzi_sarli-obasi-020.jpeg 960w, https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ali_Terzi_sarli-obasi-020-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ali_Terzi_sarli-obasi-020-768x432.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 202px) 100vw, 202px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">Yanl\u0131\u015f arazi kullanma ve orman tahripleri sonucu olu\u015fan erozyon ve sel olaylar\u0131 toplumun t\u00fcm kesimlerine oldu\u011fu gibi gelecek ku\u015faklara da zarar vermektedir. (NOT: al\u0131nt\u0131 yaz\u0131d\u0131r)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00fcrkelli, Karadeniz iklim ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6zelliklerini ta\u015f\u0131r(d\u0131). \/\u015eakir Sa\u011flam<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1299,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[192,259],"tags":[117],"hf_cat_post":[],"class_list":["post-1347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-18-sakir-saglam","category-bitki-ortusu","tag-bitki-ortusu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1347"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1347\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2370,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1347\/revisions\/2370"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1347"},{"taxonomy":"hf_cat_post","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkelli.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hf_cat_post?post=1347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}